| Evaluating Pollution Prevention
Progress
(P2P) III: an environmental
tool for screening in product life cycle assessment and chemical
process design .
David
W.Pennington, Jane Bare, Robert
Knodel, Gregory Carroll, Todd
Martin |
| Abstract P2P (Pollution Prevention Progress)is a computer-based tool that supports the comparison of process and product alternatives in terms of environmental impacts. This tool provides screening-level information for use in process design and in product life cycle assessment (LCA). 21 impact categories and data for approximately 3,000 chemicals are represented in the default database of the new release, P2P Mark III. These data help identify which emissions may require further, moresophisticated, characterisation in the different impact categories. In this paper, we primarily focus on the persistence 肪ioaccumulation 釦oxicity (PBT) methodology adopted for the classification of chemicals in the context of (eco-)toxicological impacts. This classification methodology is cross-compared with a characterisation approach that provides a more complete model-based representation of the source-to-effect (or environmental) mechanism with higher quality data, but for fewer chemicals. To ensure that the quantity of the emission, and not just chemical hazard, is also taken into account the comparison is based on a case study for the production of BDO (1,4-butanediol). Insights are presented independently for both the chemical processing stage, as well as from a broader life cycle perspective.
|
