BioGraffiti: A Natural Selection

by
John M. Burns
A Demeter Press Book
Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Company

Contents


Mammalia

[ Conform | Rhinoceros | Human Evolution in a Nutshell | Beaver Damn | Oso Negro/Not So Black | Doggerel is Aard Vark | A Plague o' Both Your Porcupines | The Lonely Bull | Hippopotamus amphibius | Evolution of Auditory Ossicles | Sabu | Equivocus | The Baculum | Animal Love ]

Conform

I want to be scene,
Not herd, said a wayward
Young springbok, as it split.
Know your place, said
The lead, which is together,
And clubbed the errant back,
Giving it the Gesellschaft.

Rhinoceros

Hearing and pre-eminently smell
Make far better sense
To rhinoceros, which sees dimly
(And wears a nosehorn well).
This all but hairless hulk
So enarmored of thick skin with folds
As to lack nonhuman predators of consequence
Thunders toward extinction
Blindly bold to man in self-defense.
Preferentially it holds
Itself apart, hoofing through reeds
And high grass, browsing by dusk
And dawn, solitary in its
Territory save when it breeds.
Communication faintly whiffs absurd:
Movement is action
Movements speak louder than words
Territory marks are piled turds.

Human Evolution in a Nutshell

Once upon
The evolutionary stage
Of anthropoids
Dryopithecus
Was all the rage.
Although some pithy lines
Were later banned
The one that made
The Gorilla my dreams
Was merely Panned.
Meanwhile selected hominids
Foresaw the silver screen.
Australopithecus came close
But Homo stole the Holocene.

Beaver Damn

Let us
Dam
The stupid
Eager
Beaver who
Knowing not
His aspen
From a
Pole in the
Ground
Persists in
Barking
Up
The wrong
Tree.

Oso Negro/Not So Black

The American black bear
Or oso negro
(Now Euarctos
Formerly an Ursus)
Lumbers through woods
Shredding logs allegro
And slumbers through cold
Dreaming of itself versus
Hordes of wild bees
Their fattening honey
Their stings of outrage ...
Some western "black bears"
Are cinnamon or grey-white or white
Which suggests a funny
Coat of many colors
That the species population shares.

Doggerel is Aard Vark

A remarkable beast is the aardvark.
It speaks softly and not with a hard bark.
Some think its song sweeter
But no it ant-eater
The sticky tongue makes it a marred lark.

A Plague o' Both Your Porcupines

Dartmoor, 1969---Two
Porcupines escaped from a private zoo.
Dressed fit to quill they made a prick-
Ly pair, the {circle-arrow} up to Hystrix ...
Exponentially their numbers grew.
Devon, five years after---Trees and crops
Are being hit in a nightmare of copse
And robbers by an hysterical rodent plague
Costing residents thousands of dollars. Vague
Grumblings reach the Queen about applying stops.

The Lonely Bull

Pedigreed,
Royally fed and stalled,
Cowed only by their succubus,
I have come to naught
But semen (first class).
Better a detested steer:
Why don't they just
Snatch both
Instead of extracting them
Mechanically
A little at a time?

Hippopotamus amphibius

Much more an enormous pig than a sort of horse,
Hippo lives, as a matter of course,
Both in water---still or running, fresh or salt---
And on adjacent land, where its Gestalt
Takes fifty pounds (dry weight) of grass per night.
In human cropland, which it freely samples,
Much of what it doesn't eat it tramples,
And signs point to a final interspecies fight.
The losing bull in an intraspecific bout
Hides wounded skin and pride in water, where,
With only eyes and nostrils out,
He surveys the scene and takes the air.
To save its skin from air as well as flood,
Hippo "sweats" thick, oily "blood".

Evolution of Auditory ossicles

With malleus
Aforethought
Mammals
Got an earful
Of their ancestors'
Jaw.

Sabu

Sunstruck from the procreative rut
The sacked nuts of a male squirrel
Eerily retreat along the inguinal canal
To bury themselves above the body
Cavity in a regimen of atrophy.
In good time they recrudesce
And soon are dancing on the coelom
In anticipation of the plunge to
Dry sac, squirrelles, and roundelays.
This cycle is a classical sabu [*].
[*] An acronym (ascribed to
Down under army officers
In North Africa in World
War II) that stands for
Self-adjusting balls-up.

 Equivocus

Because it has
The cheek to broadcast
Bands of black and white,
Zebra seems in hindsight
To be comme un âne
Like a wild ass.

The Baculum

An inarticulate lucky stiff between
Paired spongy corpora casanova,
The baculum (or penis bone) of mammals
Lends firm support to a hard job.
Present in all insectivores,
Bats, rodents, carnivores,
And most primates (but not man),
It comes in many shapes.
That of the walrus (winner of a grand prix)
Is very like a warped baseball bat
Some two feet long. As one old walrus put it,
"Speak softly and carry a big stick".

Animal Love

Hungering
For you
Dear body
Hugged
More lovingly
Than you
Can bear
I'll eat my
Venus, Hon.

Et Alia

[ To a Lonely Hermaphrodite | Lines to an Angler Fish | Flatfish Development | Competition and Catastrophe in Polliwogs | An Olé for Anolis | Snake Pit | The Hare and the Tortoise | The Great Tit Rip-off | Niche Splitting | Up the Food Chain | Lethal Yellowing | One Good Fern Deserves Another | Gutless Wonder ]

To a Lonely Hermaphrodite

Know
Thyself.

Lines to an Angler Fish

Aloof and quasi-indestructible
For all the world like some religious sages
The angler ineluctable
Rests on its venter
And passeth for a piece of the rock of ages.
Casting for its bread upon the waters
The phony worm at the end of a dorsal ray
It robs the sea of sons and daughters
Converting, with a violent gulp,
Would-be predators to prey.

Flatfish Development

The bottom-dwelling flounder begins---
Like other fish---as a free-swimmer
With dorsum up, venter down
And left and right both lateral,
But starts revolving by degrees
(Circa ninety) on its long axis
Til sides are top and bottom.
Meantime the lower eye moves topside
Over the head where the once dorsal
Fin grows forward, and the down side blind side
Becomes a white side while the eyed side
Colors up with spots that have
The look of eyes all over the plaice.

Competition and Catastrophe in Polliwogs

In the clutch, frogs overload a temporary pond
Egging ever more offspring on to meta-
Morphosis and the best of both worlds.
Developing tads (who cannot know the dad
That amplexed mom, whoever she is)
Graze the indelicate bloom from a green alga
While the perimeter of their first world shrinks.
A mixed bag. The size of individuals
Creeps up, their numbers plunge, and
Proportions of species and frequencies of genes
Shift. Too soon this semi-selected microcosm
Dwindles to a viscous soup of writhing macrosperm---
A mammoth ejaculate going down the wrong tubes.

An Olé for Anolis

The male of an anole named garmani
Is subject to sexual selection
As he seeks an existence of harmony
And the chances to make a connection.
He maneuvers for adequate holdings
(O plot for becoming attractive!)
By resorting to dewlap unfoldings,
Being robust, and frightfully active.
He both acts the competitive wizard
And succeeds in enticing a friend
Who will mate him. But, being a lizard,
He does it by halves in the end.

Snake Pit

Even in darkness
With only the data
From an obliquely forward-looking
Temperature-sensitive pit
Twixt nostril and eye
A toxic crotalid
Computes the course
Of a passing mouse
And makes the spectral leap
From infrared to ultraviolent
With double pinpoint precision.

The Hare and the Tortoise

We as much as the insufferable hare
Stared one to another in unuttered
Disbelief at the tortoise's dare.
Recovering his tongue, the hare served up
His scorching brand of mock turtle fare
As we prescribed a racing course
That ended where it began, there
At the trumpet vine.
They were off ...
Our short wait lengthened through glare
To dusk when we strained to see the winner
Coming tortoise. Fair and square
He had plodded through the smug sleep
Of the hairy braggart who, in a scare,
Now tore to second place, shouting
S.O.B. (or some other macronym),
And slunk away muttering Snafu
(An acrimonious anachronistic acronym).

The Great Tit Rip-off

Left on British doorsteps early in the day
Bottles of milk capped with foil or cardboard
Wait to be taken in and put away.
No one thought this quintessentially
Mammalian food was for the birds
But no one reckoned with the local Paridae:
Four species quickly learned to use the bill
To puncture, peel, or highly prize the caps---
Thus ultimately foiled---and swill.
This ethologic shift involving diet
Smacks (in hindesight) of the loosely preadaptive
Inasmuch as tit were the birds to try it.

Niche Splitting

Nuthatch
Works
A tree
Trunk
Down
Creeper
Does
It
Up
Brown

Up the Food Chain

Things aren't always what they aposeme:
The model monarch as a caterpillar eats
Milkweeds, stores their hearty poisons,
and the butterfly defeats
Some portion of an avian predation team
By advertising---with show of color, lack of haste---
That those that dare to peck will find it in bad taste;
But the monarch straddles defence with another gimmick
When it feeds on milkweed species in which there are
No poisons and becomes an edible adult,
the so-called "automimic".
(Or is that a chrysomelid beetle that recalls
the German peoplescar?)

 Lethal yellowing

No oiled and beaten path connects
The harrowed groves of academia
With collapsing rows of macadamia
Or cocnuts. Tropical trees toppled
To earth by some intemperate pathogen
Attract few scientific bees
Hell-bent on conquering disease.
Workers are deterred by a monumental
Dearth of basic information
On anatomies and physiologies.
Crops such as palms have not been studied
Up and down like, say, wheat, whose attributes
Glut many a professional serial publication.
Is it any wonder, then, that Cocos
Planters of the Carribean bellow
When they see their acreage succumb
To lethan yellowing, "The grass
Is always greener on the other fellow"?

One Good Fern Deserves Another

A tree may be a prologue when it has a hyper bole.

Prothallia of ferns are always haploid
Producing sperms and eggs that seize the procreative role
When, of a dampness, they unite to form a diploid.
Up springs the frondly sporophyte,
with rhizome, root, and rachis
And a meristem that's apical and tight.
It uncoils; but on a leaf that is preparing for meiosis
Sporangia in clusters make a very sori sight.

Gutless Wonder

Though lacking skeletal strengths
Which we associate with most
Large forms, tapeworms go to great lengths
To take the measure of a host.
Monotonous body sections
In a limp mass-production line
Have nervous and excretory connections
And the means to sexually combine
And to coddle countless progeny
But no longer have the guts
To digest for themselves or live free
Or know a meal from soup to nuts.

Generalia

[ Lake | Desert Range | Drosophila in Paradise | Fitness By Any Other Name Would Be As Loose | Rocky Intertidal Strife | Ontogeny and Phylogeny | Homage to P.J.Darlington, Jr. | Biomodels | The Last Rite of Sylvan Spring | Province of Biology | Elucidation Blues | In Temperate Spring ]

Lake

Between two states of matter
A line of symmetry:
Hemlocks dark above in spired reality
Are mocked below by colder forms
Disposed to flatter.
Three dimensions stripped of one
Become ideal.
Where crowding rhododendrons kneel
Soft white trusses flushed with pink and sun
Reflect on cool perfection.
Corollas tarnish, disengage and fall
Rippling an image
In a crowning show of futile homage.
Turning sodden brown, they sink through surface
Into not at all.

Desert Range

My faults are quiet now.
I rest in sprawling sunlight
And dusty devils try my dirty flanks
While I try to recollect the heightened
Spirits of my youth. How
If those angels saw my angles now
Bahada-bathed in soiled rock
Would they still sing? Could they
Do anything but mock?
For naturally I gave myself away
To fanfare, smiling at first as it caressed
My foot. But then
My fans arose and coalesced
To my own detriment. And still I must endure
This wearing slow return to ancient orogen.

Drosophila in Paradise

Far east of the china plate
The earth brakes, leaks, and clots
And repeats ...
Fire into water; earth into air.
In the main the islands come and go
Forming an archipelago.
Endless emigrants from living land
Stream forth by sea and air to found
Or founder ...
A striking and attenuated few
Trickle their bits from a wealthy heritage
Into half-baked gene pools
About this insulated and eclectic range,
A patchwork world that naturally selects
In new directions its kaleidoscope
Of species in genetic revolution.
The hostage of ultrarapid evolution
Awaits the leading player.
Enter from afar the gravid female fly
Or a pair of dipterans that fly united
Ours is not to reason why
But here they are
With everything they could have wanted:
Baeucoup de Lebensraum
A steamy potpourri of plants.
(Although these flies berbivorous
Would rather phyte than switch,
In a future evolutionary hitch
Some will---to spider eggs!)
Inbred offspring swell the beachhead
Generate their own invading force
And penetrate erratically
A monolithic ecologic vacuum.
To some, put off by numbers,
Falls the vagrant lot;
An offbeat drifter takes another isle ...
With reproductive ties that bind
Dissolved by water in between,
The replicated colonies
Evolve in part in parallel
But mostly come to see
Sporadic interimmigrants
No longer as their kind.
So species in division multiply.
Among the shifty lava flows, the island flies
Continually colonize and differentiate,
Settling back from time to time to coexist.
Cycle after cycle amplifies
This rich endemic fauna to create
A matchless, if outlandish, marbled layer cake
Mushroomed out of all expected size and shape.
Though countless pieces have gone down
The lubricated gullet of extinction,
There are (by latest estimate)
In the Hawaiian Islands
Some seven hundred
Drosophilid
Species of
Distinc-
Tion.

Fitness By Any Other Name Would Be As Loose

A group inept
Might better opt
To be adept
And so adopt
Ways more apt
To wit, adapt.

Rocky Intertidal Strife

Fighting the ups and downs
Of an ever-lavin'
Blue-dyed
Wateredge
The rocky intertidal
Lathers its interface
And from time to time
Appears
To hold the sea at bay
With a show of mussels.
This prime frontage
Zoned
For crowded uneasy living
Suppports a variably piled
Mat
Of animals and plants
Inclined to be exclusive.
I have heard green algal
Seaweeds such as Ulva say
"Like good producers, we eat
Light
But the goddam periwinkles
Littorally graze us---and Fucus---
In a catastrophic way".

 Ontogeny and Phylogeny

In the beginning is the end;
But ends unfold, becoming strange.
Lives---and generations---suffer change.
The tested metabolic paths will tend
To last and shape the range
Of future evolution from the past.

Homage to P.J.Darlington, Jr.

Carabids are beetles of ground.
So spots where carabids are found
Are grounds for inferring
That there they're occurring.
This circular reasoning is round.
Without wings they're more apt to stay there.
But the winged may take to the air
Dispersing in myriads
Through Tertiary periods.
We know they all started, but where?

Biomodels

A model in its elegance
Is better than reality
Its graphical simplicity
Denotes a rare intelligence.
The simple graph incites the wrath
Of field men who, half undressed,
Go rushing out to start a test
Which culminates in aftermath.

The Last Rite of Sylvan Spring

Pink lady's-slippers
And nonrustic beer cans
Garnish the litter of leaves
A mere stone's Thoreau
From Walden Pond.

Province of Biology

Though scientist and artist both create,
The latter makes the better loner.
That each is bound to be a goner
Is not a lively subject for debate.
Simpson said taxonomy is art as much as science.
By most biologists, the systematics is eschewed
And rarely swallowed; for some, a thoughty food
Involves a mix of math and life in an ethereal alliance
About as holy as a sieve. If all of life without and in shall
Not be readily reducible to quantitative theory,
It may be fair that a philosopher should query
"Is the science of biology provincial?"

Elucidation Blues

With a plethora
Of words
The would-be
Explicator
Hides himself
Like a squid
In his own ink.

In Temperate Spring

The air is distinctly out of focus;
Everywhere Forsythia.
Slopes a wash of Ceanothus;
Grassland with Eschscholtzia.
Cornus and azalea.
Arctostaphylos at Idria.
Like the Californian oak-moth
I'm a mindless Phryganidia.

Marginalia

Glossary and Notes

Alluvium
Soil, sand, gravel, rock, or the like deposited by running water. At the mouth of a steep, narrow valley or canyon, such stream-borne material spreads out to form an alluvial fan.
Amplex
Verb derived from the noun amplexus: the prolonged mating embrace of a male frog or toad in which he fertilizes the female's eggs as they are extruded.
Âne
French noun meaning donkey, ass, blockhead.
Anolis
A large genus of New World iguanid lizards, commonly called anoles (but also called American chameleons because many species can change color).
Aposeme
Derived from the adjective aposematic, which refers to coloration of a warning (and hence conspicuous) nature evolved by unpalatable, noxious, or poisonous animals.
Arctostaphylos
An almost wholly North American genus of shrubs (family Ericaceae) usually having evergreen leaves and smooth mahogany-colored bark; commonly known as manzanita.
Auditory ossicles
In the middle ear of mammals, three small sound-transmitting bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) evolutionarily derived from skeletal jaw supports (in turn, derived from gill supports).
Australopithecus
A genus comprising one or two (or a very few) extinct species of hominids known from Old World fossils of Pleistocene age. Australopithecus is believed to have given rise to Homo.
Bahada
A continuous slope of alluvium (q.v.) flanking a mountain range and formed by lateral union of many adjacent alluvial fans.
Bole
The trunk of a tree.
By halves in the end
Male lizards (and snakes) have paired, saclike, eversible copulatory organs---called hemipenes---only one of which is used at a time.
Ceanothus
A North American genus of much-branched, showy shrubs or small trees (family Rhamnaceae) with many far western species, including buck-brush, blue-blossom, and mountain-lilac.
Cocos
That genus of palm trees which includes the coconut palm.
Coelom
The body cavity of many kinds of animals, including vertebrates.
Cornus
A North Temperate genus comprising chiefly shrubs or small trees (family Cornaneae) called dogwoods.
Corpora casanova
Derived from corpora cavernosa: elongate bodies of spongy fibrous tissue (distensible with blood) forming the erector set of a penis.
Crotalid
A snake belonging to the Crotalidae, a family of heavy-bodied poisonous species---rattlesnakes, moccasins (e.g., copperhead, cottonmouth), bush-master, fer-de-lance, and others---collectively known as pit vipers.
Darlington, P.J., Jr.
Evolutionary biologist, zoogeographer, and beetle taxonomist (partial to Carabidae or ground beetles) at the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Dewlap
In Anolis lizards, a fold of loose skin that can be extended downward from the midline of the throat like a fan; often conspicuously colored and patterned, the dewlap is used in territorial and courtship displays.
Diploid
Having two sets of chromosomes. (This is usual for cells of an individual that develops from a fertilized egg).
Dipterans
Flies; insects of the order Diptera---so named because they have only two wings (rather than four, which most flying insects have).
Dorsal ray
Any of a number of slender rods extending upward along the midline of the back of a fish where they usually help support a fin.
Dorsum
Back.
Dryopithecus
A genus comprising of several extinct species of anthropoid apes known from Old World fossils of Miocene and Pliocene age. Dryopithecus is thought to be ancestral to Pan and, perhaps, to other anthropoids, and well as to early hominids.
Equus
The genus that includes horses, zebras, asses, and their kind---the surviving members of the horse family.
Eschscholtzia
A genus of western North American poppies that includes the California poppy.
Ethologic
Behavioral.
Fucus
A worldwide genus of brown algae inhabiting the mid rocky intertidal zone.
Gamete
An egg or a sperm.
Gesellschaft
German noun meaning association, company, society, fellowship, club.
Gestalt
German noun meaning form, figure, shape, frame, stature.
Haploid
Having a single set of chromosomes.
Hearty poisons
Cardiac glycosides.
Hindesight
See J.Fisher and R.A.Hinde, The opening of milk bottles by birds, British Birds 42:347--357 (1948).
Hippopotamus
"Riverhorse"; derived from two Greek words: hippos (horse) and potamus (river).
Holocene
Or Recent: in the geologic time scale, the latest epoch, extending from the end of the Pleistocene (perhaps 11,000 years ago) to the present.
Hystrix
A genus of Old World porcupines.
Inguinal canal
The open passage that persists between the scrotal sacs and the abdominal cavity in males of certain mammals. Through this canal the testes withdraw to the interior between breeding seasons.
Lethal yellowing
See P.B.Tomlinson, Lethal yellowing of coconut---the importance of basic research, Fairchild Tropical Garden Bulletin 27 (4): 7--12 (1972).
Macronym
A neologism meaning "big name".
Malleus
The outermost of a chain of three little sound-conducting bones in the mammalian inner ear; one end of the malleus is against the eardrum.
Meiosis
Two special, sequential cell divisions that reduce the number of sets of chromosomes in the dividing cells by half---usually from two sets (the diploid condition) to one (the haploid condition).
Meristem
Undifferentiated plant tissue whose cells can continue to divide, some daughter cells differentiating into specialized tissues but others remaining undifferentiated to perpetuate the meristem.
Ontogeny
The developmental history of an individual from beginning (fertilization) to end, with emphasis on earlier stages.
Orogen
A region of mountain-building activity.
Oso negro
Spanish for black-bear (Euarctos americanus).
Ossicles
See Auditory ossicles.
Pan
The genus that originally contained only chimpanzee---but that now includes both chimpanzee and gorilla. The gorilla used to be in genus Gorilla which became a synonym of Pan (the older name) when specialists judged that chimpanzee and gorilla are so closely related that they properly belonged in the same genus.
Paridae
A family of small, plump, highly active song-birds including chickadees, titmice, and tits.
Phryganidia
The only genus of dioptid moths occurring in the United States: a single species (Phryganidia californica) inhabits California, where it feeds as a larva on oaks.
Phylogeny
The evolutionary history (ancestral-descendent relationships) of a group of organisms. (The "group" may vary in size from a few related species within a single genus to all of the living things that have ever appeared on earth).
Phyte
A combining form meaning plant.
Plague o' Both Your Porcupines, A
See British fighting a plague of porcupines in Devon, The New York Times, Sunday, October 27, 1974.
Plaice
Any of various European and American flounders.
Prothallia
Plural of prothallium: in the life cycle of ferns, the haploid, gamete-making individual that develops from a spore.
Rachis
The central axis of a fern leaf or frond.
Rhizome
A horizontal, underground stem of a plant.
Simpson, G.G.
Evolutionary biologist, geologist, vertebrate paleontologist, and mammal taxonomist at the American Museum of Natural History and Columbia University, then the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and finally the University of Arizona.
Sori
Plural of sorus: a group of sporangia on a fern leaf.
Sporangia
Plural of sporangium: a case containing spores.
Sporophyte
In the life cycle of ferns, the relatively conspicuous diploid individual that makes spores by meiosis.
Systematics
Lately redefined as the study of organismic diversity in all its aspects, but, in loose usage, synonymous with taxonomy (q.v.).
Taxonomy
The theory and practice of classifying organisms.
Tertiary
In the geologic time scale, the first (and much the longer) of the two periods of the Cenozoic Era. The Tertiary extends from the beginning of the Paleocene, about 70 million years ago, to the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary.
Ulva
A worldwide genus of green algae inhabiting intertidal and subtidal zones and commonly known as sea lettuce.
Venter
Belly.

[ Miscellaneous | Krishna Kunchithapadam ]


Last updated: Sun Jun 27 17:00:19 PDT 2004
URL: http://geocities.datacellar.net/krishna_kunchith/misc/biograffiti.html

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