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UNIX for Macintosh

Copy each file and then paste it in a text editor. Save the file using the given filename.
To copy: Click the "Highlight" button. This will highlight the text. Then from the Edit menu choose Copy.
To paste: open a text editor, then from the Edit menu choose paste.

command shell prompt =%
command line prompt =%
command Bash shell prompt =$
How to start UNIX on Macintosh OS X
filename: a1pg
to save
click "Highlight"
copy
%   pico a1pg
paste
to run
%   tcsh a1pg
remove a file named adf2g
%   rm -i adf2g
remove adf2g? y
man - display the on-line manual pages
%   man ls
filename: uf8
to run
%   tcsh uf8
filename: uf8a
to run
%   tcsh uf8a
filename: uflsa
to run
%   tcsh uflsa
list all files
including hidden ones
You can hide files by giving them a name that starts with a dot (.)
filename: .uf31
to run
%   tcsh .uf31
filename: uflsf
to run
%   tcsh uflsf
directories/
filename: uflsr
filename: uflss
filename: uf13
More is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal. It normally pauses after each screenful, printing the current file name at the bottom of the screen or --More-- if input is from a pipe. If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed. If the user hits a space, another screenful is displayed.
View files with more
%   more filename
spacebar to see next screen
b to see last screen
enter or return to see the next line
q to to go back to go back to shell prompt
To view file contents
%   open filename
%   more filename
%   cat filename
filename: uf12
filename: uf15
%   ls > uf15
redirect output to file which is created

%   ls -l >> uf15a
append output to an existing file or will create file

%   man ls >> uf15b
append copy of a manual page to a file
Logging out
%   logout
%   exit
[ctrl] [d]
SHELLS

filename: uf44
to run
%   tcsh uf44
filename: uf45
BASH
Apple did not include the Bash Shell in Darwin (OS X v10.1)
Apple did include the Bash Shell in Jaguar (OS X v10.2)
You can download the Bash Shell at Bash for OSX
%   man ps
%   ps -aux
%   ps
%   csh
%   ps
%   sh
%   ps
%   zsh
%   ps
%   exit
%   ps
%   exit
%   ps
%   exit
%   bash
$   ps
$   exit

UNIX Environment

%   set
%   setenv
%   man top
%   top
%   cal
%   cal 2002
%   cal 6 2002
%   cal -j
%   cal -y
%   man cal
filename: uf179
echo
to run
%   sh uf179
filename: tm3
to run
%   tcsh tm3
filename: uf185
` (grave, backquote) shares the ~ (tilde) key
to run
%   tcsh uf185
cp - copy files
mkdir - make directory
mv - move files
%   mv oldname newmame - rename a file
rm - remove file
rmdir - remove directory
which - locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh(1)) only)
SORT
filename: address.book
to save
copy and paste
%   pico address.book
%   cat address.book
%   man sort

Sort by field 1 - Print records sorted by field 1
%   sort address.book

Sort by field 1 - Print records sorted by field 1
%   sort -t, +0 address.book

Sort by field 2 - Print records sorted by field 2
%   sort -t, +1 address.book

Sort by field 3 - Print records sorted by field 3 - leftmost digit
%   sort -t, +2 address.book

Sort by field 3 - Print records sorted by field 3 - numerically
%   sort -nt, +2 address.book
%   sort address.book > sorted.address.book1
%   cat sorted.address.book1
%   sort -t, +1 address.book > sorted.address.book2
%   cat sorted.address.book2
%   sort -nt, +2 address.book > sorted.address.book3
%   cat sorted.address.book3

Sort by field 1 - Print records sorted by field 1 - no duplicate records
%   sort address.book | uniq
%   sort address.book | uniq > sorted.address.book4
%   cat sorted.address.book4
filename: names.book
to save
copy and paste
%   pico names.book
%   cat names.book

Sort by field 1 - Print records sorted by field 1
%   sort names.book
%   sort +1 names.book
%   sort +2 names.book
%   sort -n +3 names.book
%   sort names.book > sorted.names.book1
%   cat sorted.names.book1
%   sort +1 names.book > sorted.names.book2
%   cat sorted.names.book2
%   sort -n +3 names.book > sorted.names.book3
%   cat sorted.names.book3
%   sort names.book | uniq
%   sort names.book | uniq > sorted.names.book4
%   cat sorted.names.book4
%   man wc
%   wc address.book
%   wc -c address.book
            -c The number of bytes in the file
%   wc -l address.book
            -l The number of lines in the file
%   wc -m address.book
            -m The number of characters in the file
%   wc -w address.book
            -w The number of words in the file
%   man head
%   head address.book
%   head -2 address.book
%   man tail
%   tail address.book
%   tail -3 address.book
%   man grep

Search for "Jim", Print only records that match search pattern
%   grep Jim address.book

Search for "jim", Print only records that match search pattern - case-sensitive
%   grep jim address.book

Search for "jim", Print only records that match search pattern - not case-sensitive
%   grep -i jim address.book

Search for "Patti", Print only records that match search pattern
%   grep Patti address.book

Search for "Patti", count number of records that match search pattern
%   grep -c Patti address.book

Search for "Patti", Print only records that do not match search pattern
%   grep -v Patti address.book

Search for "ra", Print only records that match search pattern
%   grep -e ra address.book
filename: blue1
to save
copy and paste
%   pico blue1
%   man sed

Change the word blue to green
%   sed s/blue/green/g blue1
%   sed 's/blue/green/g' blue1
%   sed 's/blue/green/g' blue1 > blue2
%   cat blue2
filename: st2
to save
copy and paste
%   pico st2
filename: addrs5.book
to save
copy and paste
%   pico addrs5.book
Change State abbreviation to State Name
%   sed -f st2 addrs5.book
filename: st5
to save
copy and paste
%   pico st5
filename: addrs4.book
to save
copy and paste
%   pico addrs4.book
Change State Name or STATE NAME TO State Abbreviation
%   sed -f st5 addrs4.book
filename: daysed
to save
copy and paste
%   pico daysed
filename: st6
to save
copy and paste
%   pico st6
Correct case Day name - match search pattern - make sed case insensitive
%   sed -f st6 daysed
filename: addrs1.book
to save
copy and paste
%   pico addrs1.book
%   man awk

Error - no file is given - ctrl + D to stop - return to command line %
%   awk '{ print $1 }'

Print LAST name
%   easysurf% awk '{ print $1 }' addrs1.book

Print LAST, FIRST name
%   easysurf% awk '{ print $1 ", " $2 }' addrs1.book

Print the whole file, all fields
%   awk '{ print $1 " " $2 " " $3 " " $4 " " $5 " " $6 " " $7 " " $8 " " $9 " " $10 " " $11 " " $12 " " $13 }' addrs1.book

Print Name: Sex: Date of Birth: and Address:
%   awk '{ print "Name: " $1 ", " $2 " Sex " $3 " Date of Birth " $5 "/" $6 "/" $4 }' addrs1.book
filename: addrs2.book
to save
copy and paste
%   pico addrs2.book

Print LAST name - field 1
%   awk -F, '{ print $1 }' addrs2.book

Print Name: Sex: Date of Birth: and Address:
%   awk -F, '{ print "Name: " $1 ", " $2 " Sex " $3 " Date of Birth: " $5 "/" $6 "/" $4 " Address: " $7 }' addrs2.book

Search for "WIL", Print only records that match search pattern
%   awk -F, /WIL/'{ print "Name: " $1 ", " $2 " Sex " $3 " Date of Birth: " $5 "/" $6 "/" $4 " Address: " $7 }' addrs2.book

Print the whole file, all fields
%   awk -F, '{ print $0 }' addrs2.book

Print FIRST and LAST name
%   awk -F, '{ print $2 " " $1 }' addrs2.book

Print LAST name and the number of letters in the LAST name
%   awk -F, '{ print $1 " - " length($1) " letters" }' addrs2.book

Print each record without showing field 2 (FIRST name)
%   awk -F, '{ $2 =""; print }' addrs2.book

Print Initial for FIRST name and all of LAST name
%   awk -F, '{ print substr($2,1,1) ". " $1 }' addrs2.book

Print FIRST and LAST name using substr
%   awk -F, '{ print substr($2,1,length($2)) " " $1 }' addrs2.book

Change FIRST and LAST name to First Last name - Initial Capitals
%   awk -F, '{ print substr($2,1,1) tolower(substr($2,2,length($2))) " " substr($1,1,1) tolower(substr($1,2,length($1))) }' addrs2.book

Print FIRST and LAST name and change 5551234 to 555-1234
%   awk -F, '{ print $2 " " $1 " " substr($11,1,3) "-" substr($11,4,4) }' addrs2.book

Print FIRST and LAST name and Male if field 3 = M or Female if field 3 = F
%   awk -F, ' $3=="F" { print $2 " " $1 ", Female" } $3=="M" { print $2 " " $1 ", Male" }' addrs2.book
filename: addrs3.book
to save
copy and paste
%   pico addrs3.book

First Last name - Initial Capitals

%   awk '{ print toupper(substr($2,1,1)) tolower(substr($2,2,length($2))) " " toupper(substr($1,1,1)) tolower(substr($1,2,length($1))) }' addrs1.book

%   awk -F, '{ print toupper(substr($2,1,1)) tolower(substr($2,2,length($2))) " " toupper(substr($1,1,1)) tolower(substr($1,2,length($1))) }' addrs2.book

%   awk -F, '{ print toupper(substr($2,1,1)) tolower(substr($2,2,length($2))) " " toupper(substr($1,1,1)) tolower(substr($1,2,length($1))) }' addrs3.book
filename: bylname
to save
copy and paste
%   pico bylname
filename: bylname
Sort by last name - Initial Capitals - address
to run
%   sh bylname
filename: bylname2
to save
copy and paste
%   pico bylname2
filename: bylname2
Sort by last name in reverse order - Initial Capitals - 718-555-5754
to run
%   sh bylname2
filename: byMonth
to save
copy and paste
%   pico byMonth
filename: byMonth
Print names sorted by birth month #
to run
%   sh byMonth
filename: for1
to save
copy and paste
%   pico for1
filename: for1
Print an array of months with a while loop
to run
%   sh for1
filename: for2
to save
copy and paste
%   pico for2
filename: for2
Print an array of months (number and name) with a while loop - tab and all members of the array
to run
%   sh for2
Escape Codes while and until loops
#!/bin/sh
# escape code -le less than or equal to
i=1
      while [  $i -le 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i=i+1
done


#!/bin/sh
# escape code -lt less than
i=1
      while [  $i -lt 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i=i+1
done


#!/bin/sh
# escape code -eq equal
i=12
      while [  $i -eq 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i=i+1
done


#!/bin/sh
# escape code -ne not equal
i=1
      while [  $i -ne 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i=i+1
done


#!/bin/sh
# escape code -gt greater than
i=24
      while [  $i -gt 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i=i-1
done


#!/bin/sh  
# escape code -ge greater than or equal to
i=24
      while [  $i -ge 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i=i-1
done


#!/bin/sh
# escape code -lt less than
i=24
      until [  $i -lt 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i=i-1
done


#!/bin/sh
# escape code -lt less than or equal to
i=24
      until [  $i -le 12 ]; do
print "\t" $i
     let i-=1
done
filename: read1
to save
copy and paste
%   pico read1
filename: read1
Enter a number to print a month's name - if elif else fi
to run
%   sh read1
filename: read2
to save
copy and paste
%   pico read2
filename: read2
Enter a number to print a month's name - if elif else fi - test for correct input
to run
%   sh read2

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Last Updated: Saturday, October 6, 2007


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