The third generation computers appeared in the world in 1965. These
computers could do a million calculations a second and they are more
than 1000 times faster than the first generation. They are controlled
by tiny Integrated Circuits ( IC ) and are smaller
and more dependable. After the invention of the transistor, IC is the
one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century. The
idea of IC was introduced by G.W.A. Dummer. His idea is a component
that incorporated many transistors, capasitors, resistors and other
parts in to a one little circuit board, but it is very tiny.
The first IC were based on small scale integration ( SSI ) circuits,
which had about 10 devices per circuit. At this period Multilayered
printed circuits (Chips) were developed and core
magnatic memory was replaced by faster solid state memories.
Computer designers began to take advantage of parallelism by using
multi functional units. In 1964, Seymour Cray developed the
CD6600, which was the first architecture to use functional
parallelism. The SOLOMON computer and ILLIAC
IV were representative of the parallel computers.
Early in the third generation (1963) Combined Programming
Language ( CPL ) has been introduced and it was hard to learn
and hard to maintain as well. In 1967 Basic Computer Programming
Language was developed and In 1970 UNIX operating system was also
introduced to the computer world.
