[Bacc81] Baccarini-Melandri, A., Casadio, R. and Melandri, B.A. (1981) Electron transfer, proton translocation, and ATP synthesis in bacterial chromatophores. Cur. Top. Bioenerg. 12, 197-258.
[Baci90] Baciou, L., Rivas, E. and Sebban, P. (1990) P+QA- and P+QB- charge recombinations in Rhodopseudomonas viridis chromatophores and in reaction centers reconstituted in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Existence of two conformational states of the reaction centers and effects of pH and o-phenanthroline. Biochemistry 29, 2966-2976.
[Baci92] Baciou, L. and Sebban, P. (1992) Influences of the lipidic environment on the reaction centre's function. In: Trends in photosynthesis research, pp 157-167 (eds J. Barber, M.G. Guerrero and H. Medrano). Intercept, Hanover, Hampshire.
[Bake01] Baker, V.R. (2001) Water and the martian landscape. Nature 412, 228–236.
[Bake79] Baker, J.A., Duchek, J.R., Hooper, R.L., Koftan, R.J. and Huebner, J.S. (1979) Lipid and salt effects on carbocyanine dye-induced photo-voltages in bilayer membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 553, 1-10.
[Bake81] Baker, G.M., Bhatnagar, D. and Dilley, R.A. (1981) Proton release in photosynthetic water oxidation: evidence for proton movement in a restricted domain. Biochemistry 20, 2307-2315.
[Bake93] Bakels, R.H.A., VanWalraven, H.S., Krab, K., Scholts, M.J.C. and Kraayenhof, R. (1993) On the activation mechanism of the H+-ATP synthase and unusual thermodynamic properties in the alkalophilic cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Eur. J. Biochem. 213, 957- 964.
[Balt82] Baltscheffsky, M., Baltscheffsky, H. and Boork, J. (1982) Evolutionary and mechanistic aspects on coupling and phosphorylation in photosynthetic bacteria. Top. Photosynth. 4, 249-272.
[Balt92] Baltscheffsky, M. and Baltscheffsky, H. (1992) Inorganic pyrophosphate and inorganic pyrophosphatases. In: Molecular mechanisms in bioenergetics, pp. 331-348 (ed. L. Ernster). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[Bann65] Bannister, T.T. (1965) Simple oscillations in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 109, 97-107.
[Bara86] Baracca, A., Curatola, G., Parenti Castelli, G. and Solaini, G. (1986) The kinetic and structural changes of the mitochondrial F1-ATPase with temperature. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 136, 891-898.
[Bara89] Baracca, A., Amler, E., Solaini, G., Parenti Castelli, G., Lenaz, G. and Houstek, J. (1989) Temperature-induced states of isolated F1-ATPase affect catalysis, enzyme conformation and high-affinity nucleotide binding sites. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 976, 77-84.
[Barb72] Barber, J. (1972) Stimulation of millisecond delayed light emission by KCl and NaCl gradients as means of investigating the ionic permeability properties of the thylakoid membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 275, 105-116.
[Barb79] Barber, J. (1979) In: Symposium on chlorophyll organization and energy transfer in photosynthesis, Ciba Foundation Symposium 61, New Series, p 174. Excerpta medica, Amsterdam.
[Barb80a] Barber, J. (1980a) Membrane surface charges and potentials in relation to photosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 594, 253-308.
[Barb80b] [Barb80b] Barber, J. (1980b). An explanation for the relationship between salt-induced thylakoid stacking and the chlorophyll fluorescence changes associated with changes in spillover of energy from photosystem II to photosystem I. FEBS Lett. 118, 1-10.
[Barb82] Barber, J. (1982) Influence of surface charges on thylakoid structure and function. A. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33, 261-295.
[Barb92] Barber, J., Malkin, R. and Roncel, M. (1992) Photoinduced oxidation and reduction of cytochrome b559 in the isolated photosystem two reaction centre indicates its role in cyclic electron flow. In: Trends in photosynthesis research, pp 125-134 (eds H. Barber, M.G. Guerrero and H. Merano). Intercept, Andover, Hampshire.
[Barn94] Barns, S.M., Fundyga, R.E., Jeffries, M.W., and Pace, N.R. (1994) Remarkable archaeal diversity detected in a Yellowstone National Park hot spring environment. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. 91, 1609-1613.
[Baro77] Barouch, Y. and Clayton, R.K. (1977) Ubiquinone reduction and proton uptake by chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26. Periodicity of two in consecutive flashes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 462, 785-788.
[Baro85] Baross, J.A. and Hoffman, S.E. (1985) Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life. Origins of Life 15, 327-345.
[Bars76] Barsky, E.L., Dancshazy, Z., Drachev, L.A., Il'ina, M.D., Jasaitis, A.A., Kondrashin, A.A., Samuilov, V.D. and Skulachev, V.P. (1976) Reconstitution of biological molecular generators of electric current. J. Biol. Chem. 251, 7066-7071.
[Bart93] Bartel, D.P. and Szostak, J.W. (1993) Isolation of new ribozymes from a large pool of random sequences. Science 261, 1411-1418.
[Bass57] Bassham, J. and Calvin, M. (1957) The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[Bass89] Bassi, R., Magaldi, A.G., Tognon, G., Giacometto, G.M. and Miller, K.R. (1989) Two-dimensional crystals of photosystem reaction center complex from higher plants. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 50, 84-93.
[Bass90] Bassi, R., Rigoni, F. and Giacometti, G.M. (1990) Chlorophyll binding proteins with antenna function in higher plants and green algae. Photochem. Photobiol. 52, 1187-1206.
[Bauc60] Bauchop, T. and Elsden, S.R. (1960) The growth of micro-organisms in relation to their energy supply. J. Gen. Microbiol. 23, 457-469.
[Baue02] Bauer, J.M., Roush, T.L., Geballe, T.R., Meech, K.J., Owen, T.C., Vacca, W.D., Rayner, J.T., and Jim, K.T.C. (2002) The near infrared spectrum of Miranda. Evidence of crystalline water ice. Icarus 158, 178–190.
[Bear86] Beard, W.A. and Dilley, R.A. (1986) A shift in chloroplast energy coupling by KCl from localized to bulk phase delocalized proton gradients. FEBS Lett. 201, 57-62.
[Beau92] Beaudry, A.A. and Joyce, G.F. (1992) Directed evolution of an RNA enzyme. Science 257, 635-641.
[Bedd76] Beddard, G.S. and Porter, G. (1976) Concentration quenching in chlorophyll. Nature 260, 366-367.
[Behe96] Behe, M.J. (1996) Darwin's black box. The biochemical challenge to evolution. The Free Press, New York.
[Beja02] Beja, O., Suzuki, M.T., Heidelberg, J.F., Nelson, W.C., Preston, C.M., Hamada, T., Eisen, J.A., Fraser, C.M., and DeLong, E.F. (2002) Unsuspected diversity among marine aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs. Nature 415, 630–633.
[Bell63] Bellamy, W.D., Gaines, G.L. and Tweet, A.G. (1963) Preparation and properties of monomolecular films of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a. J. Chem. Physics 39, 2528-2538.
[Berd91] Berden, J.A., Hartog, A.F. and Edel, C.M. (1991) Hydrolysis of ATP by F1 can be described only on the basis of a dual-site mechanism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1057, 151-156.
[Bern02] Bernstein, M.P., Dworkin, J.P., Sandford, S.A., Cooper, G.W., and Allamandola, L.J. (2002) Racemic amino acids from the ultraviolet photolysis of interstellar ice analogues. Nature 416, 401–403.
[Bern60] Bernal, J.D. (1960) The problem of stages in biopoesis. In: Aspects of the origin of life, pp. 30-45. (ed. M. Florkin). Pergamon, Oxford.
[Bern61] Bernal, J.D. (1961) Origin of life on the shores of the ocean. In: Oceanography, pp. 95- 118. (ed. M. Sears). American Assoc. Advancement of Science, Washington.
[Bern67] Bernal, J.D. (1967) The origin of life. World, Cleveland.
[Bern76] Berns, D.S. (1976) Photosensitive bilayer membranes as model systems for photobiological processes. Photochem. Photobiol. 24, 117-139.
[Berr93] Berridge, M.J. (1993) Inositol triphosphate and calcium signalling. Nature 361, 315-325.
[Berr96] Berry, S. and Rumberg, B. (1996) H+/ATP coupling ratio at the unmodulated CF0F1-ATP synthase determined by proton flux measurements. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1276, 51-56.
[Bewl82] Bewley, J.D. and Krochko, J.E. (1982) Desiccation-tolerance. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, New series, Vol. 12, Part B, pp. 325-378 (eds O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond and H. Ziegler). Springer, Berlin.
[Bieb81a] Biebricher, C.K., Eigen, M. and Luce, R. (1981a) Product analysis of RNA generated de novo by Qß replicase. J. Mol. Biol. 148, 369-390.
[Bieb81b] Biebricher, C.K., Eigen, M. and Luce, R. (1981b) Kinetic analysis of template-instructed and de novo RNA synthesis by Qß replicase. J. Mol. Biol. 148, 391-410.
[Bilg90] Bilger, W. and Schreiber, U. (1990) Chlorophyll luminescence as an indicator of stress-induced damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Effects of heat-stress in isolated chloroplasts. Photosynth. Res. 25, 161-171.
[Bish72] Bishop, M.J., Lohrmann, R. and Orgel, L.E. (1972) Prebiotic phosphorylation of thymidine at 65° C in simulated desert conditions. Nature 237, 162-164.
[Bjed03] Bjedov, I., Tenaillon, O., Gerard, B., Souza, V., Denamur, E., Radman, M., Taddei, F., and Matic, I. (2003) Stress-induced mutagenesis in bacteria. Science 300, 1404–1409.
[Bjor89] Björkman, O. and Schäfer, C. (1989) A gas exchange-fluorescence analysis of photosynthetic performance of a cotton crop under high-irradiance stress. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 323, 309-311.
[Björ95] Björn, L.O. (1989) Nature 376, 26-27.
[Blac70] Black, S. (1970) Pre-cell evolution and the origin of enzymes. Nature 226, 754-755.
[Blac73] Black, S. (1973) A theory on the origin of life. Adv. Enzymol. 38, 193-234.
[Blak90] Blake, W. (1790-1793) The marriage of heaven and hell. Poetry site
[Blan79] Blankenship, R.E. and Parson, W.W. (1979) The involvement of iron and ubiquinone in electron transfer reactions mediated by reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 545, 429-444.
[Blan92] Blankenship, R.E. (1992) Origin and early evolution of photosynthesis. Photosynth. Res. 33, 91-111.
[Blum62] Blum, H.F. (1962) On the origin and evolution of living machines. Am. Scientist 49, 474- 501.
[Boek87] Boekema, E.J., Dekker, J.P., VanHeel, M.G., Rögner, M., Saenger, W., Witt. I. and Witt, H.T. (1987) Evidence for a trimeric organization of the photosystem I complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. FEBS Lett. 217, 283-286.
[Boek94] Boekema, E.J., Boonstra, A.F., Dekker, J.P. and Rögner, M. (1994) Electron microscopic structural analysis of photosystem I, photosystem II, and the cytochrome b6/f complex from green plants and cyanobacteria. J. Bioenerg. Biom. 26, 17-29.
[Bogd90] Bogdanoff, P. (1990) Untersuchungen zur Protonenstöchiometrie bei der ATP Synthese und der Aktivierung der ATPsynthase in Thylakoiden mittels elektrochromer Absorptionsänderungen. Thesis, Technische Universität Berlin.
[Bogu93] Boguski, M.S. and McCormick, F. (1993) Proteins regulating Ras and its relatives. Nature 366, 643-654.
[Bost92] Boston, P.J., Ivanov, M.V. and McKay, C.P. (1992) On the possibility of chemosynthetic ecosystems in subsurface habitats on Mars. Icarus 95, 300-308.
[Boug73] Bouges-Bocquet, B. (1973) Electron transfer between the two photosystems in spinach chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 314, 250-256.
[Boug81] Bouges-Bocquet, B. (1981) Factors regulating the slow electrogenic phase in green algae and higher plants. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 635, 327-340.
[Boxe90] Boxer, S.G. (1990) Mechanisms of long-distance electron transfer in proteins: lessons from photosynthetic reaction centers. A. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 19, 267-299.
[Boxe92] Boxer, S.G. (1992) Some speculations concerning the evolution of photosynthetic function. Photosynth. Res. 33, 113-119.
[Boye73] Boyer, P.D., Cross, R.L. and Momsen, W. (1973) A new concept for energy coupling in oxidative phosphorylation based on a molecular explanation of the oxygen exchange reactions. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. 70, 2837-2839.
[Boye79] Boyer, P.D. (1979) The binding-change mechanism of ATPsynthesis. In: Membrane bioenergetics, pp. 461-479 (eds C.P. Lee, G. Schatz and L. Ernster). Addison-Wesley, London.
[Boye84] Boyer, P.D. (1984) Correlations of the binding change mechanism with a new concept for proton translocation and energy transmission. In: H + -ATPase (ATP synthase): Structure, function, biogenesis, pp. 329-338 (eds S. Papa, K. Altendorf, L. Ernster and L. Packer). ICSU Press, Bari.
[Boye89] Boyer, P.D. (1989) A perspective of the binding change mechanism for ATP synthesis. FASEB J. 3, 2164-2178.
[Boye93] Boyer, P.D. (1993) The binding change mechanism for ATP synthase-some probabilities and possibilities. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1140, 215-250.
[Boyn02] Boynton, W.V., Feldman, W.C., Squyres, S.W., Prettyman, T.H., Brückner, J., Evans, L.G., Reedy, R.C., Starr, R., Arnold, J.R., Drake, D.M., Englert, P.A.J., Metzger, A.E., Mitrofanov, I., Trombka, J.I., d’Uston, C., Wänke, H., Gasnault, O., Hamara, O.K., Janes, D.M., Marciales, R.L., Maurice, S., Mikheeva, I., Taylor, G.J., Tokar, R., and Shinohara, C. (2002) Distribution of hydrogen in the near surface of Mars: evidence for subsurface ice deposits. Science 297, 81–85.
[Brai94] Braig, K., Otwinowski, Z., Hegde, R., Boisvert, D.C. Joachimiak, A., Horwich, A.L. and Sigler, P.B. (1994) The crystal structure of the bacterial chaperonin GroEL at 2.8 Å. Nature 371, 578-586.
[Bran67] Brandts, J.F. (1967) Heat effects on proteins and enzymes. In: Thermobiology, pp. 25-72 (ed A.H. Rose). Academic Press, London.
[Brau03a] Braun, D., and Libchaber, A. (2003) Trapping of DNA by thermophoretic depletion and convection. Physical Review Letters 89, 188103.
[ Brau03b] Braun, D., Goddard, N.L., and Libchaber, A. (2003) Exponential DNA replication by laminar convection. Physical Review Letters 91,158103.
[Bret93] Breton, J. and Nabedryk, E. (1993) S0->T1 infrared difference spectrum of the triplet state of the primary electron donor in Rb. sphaeroides photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers. Chem. Physics Lett. 213, 571-575.
[Brod75] Broda, E. (1975) The evolution of the bioenergetic processes. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 2–4.
[Brod79a] Broda, E. and Peschek, G.A. (1979) Did respiration or photosynthesis come first? J. Theor. Biol. 81, 201-212.
[Brod79b] Brody, S.S. and Singhal, G.S. (1979) Spectral properties of chloroplast membranes as a function of physiological temperatures. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 89, 542-546.
[Brow03] Brown, R.H. (2003) Cassini—Huygens. SPACECRAFT—Cassini Orbiter Instruments—VIMS. SPACECRAFT—Cassini Orbiter Instruments—VIMS.
[Brun92] Bruni, F. and Leopold, A.C. (1992) Pools of water in anhydrobiotic organisms. A thermally stimulated depolarization current study. Biophys. J. 63, 663-672.
[Budi91] Budil, D.E. and Thurnauer, M.C. (1991) The chlorophyll triplet state as a probe of the structure and function in photosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1057, 1-41.
[Bukh90] Bukhov, N.G., Sabat, S.C. and Mohanty, P. (1990) Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence changes in weak light in heat treated Amaranthus chloroplasts. Photosynth. Res. 23, 81-87.
[Bult90] Bulté, L., Gans, P., Rebéillé, F. and Wollman, F.-A. (1990) ATP control on state transitions in vivo in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1020, 72-80.
[Buly72] Bulychev, A.A., Andrianov, V.K., Kurella, G.A. and Litvin, F.F. (1972) Micro-electrode measurements of the transmembrane potential of chloroplasts and its photoinduced changes. Nature 236, 175-177.
[Buly76a] Bulychev, A.A., Andrianov, V.K., Kurella, G.A. and Litvin, F.F. (1976) Photoinduction kinetics of electrical potential in a single chloroplast as studied with micro-electrode technique. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 420, 336-351.
[Buly76b] Bulychev, A.A. and Vredenberg, W.J. (1976) The effect of cations and membrane permeability modifying agents on the dark kinetics of the photoelectric response in isolated chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 423, 548-556.
[Buly85] Bulychev, A.A., Niyazova, M.M. and Turovetsky, V.B. (1985) Evidence for the delayed photoactivation of electrogenic electron transport in chloroplast membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 808, 186-191.
[Burf78] Burfoot, J.C. ad Taylor, G.W. (1978) Polar dielectrics and their applications. pp. 257-287. Macmillan, London.
[Burk93] Burke, D.H., Hearst, J.E. and Sidow, A. (1993) Early evolution of photosynthesis: clues from nitrogenase and chlorophyll iron proteins. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. 90, 7134- 7138.
[Burl89] Burley, S.K. and Petsko, G.A. (1989) Electrostatic interactions in aromatic oligopeptides contribute to protein stability. Trends Biotechn. 7, 354-359.
[Byer86] Byerly, G.R., Lower, D.R. and Walsh, M.M. (1986) Stromatolites from the 3,000-3,500- Myr Swaziland Supergroup, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa. Nature 319, 489-491.