Effects of cold stress on development and function of pollen and ovules (± SE) in chickpea cultivars/lines grown in growth rooms
 

Temperature (° C)	Cultivar/line
	Annigeri	ICCV 88502	ICCV 88503	Pant G 114	ICCV 88510	ICCV 88514
	Pollen grain size (µm)
25/15	27±0.41	29±0.42	29±0.57	30±0.32	29±0.31	31±0.46
15/5	26±0.52	28±0.44	29±0.41	31±0.37	30±0.34	30±0.47
15/0	24±0.71	28±0.53	29±0.47	29±0.39	30±0.43	30±0.52
	Pollen viability (%)
25/15	91±1.8	94±1.7	92±1.8	94±1.4	93±1.6	94±1.4
15/5	78±2.1	90±2.2	86±2.1	89±1.9	91±1.8	90±1.1
15/0	59±2.8	89±1.9	87±2.3	79±2.4	82±2.2	84±1.8
	Pollen germination in vitro (%)
25/15	87±1.9	86±2.1	87±1.9	89±1.7	87±1.9	84±1.7
15/5	53±2.2	64±1.8	68±1.7	59±2.2	59±2.2	63±1.6
15/0	32±1.7	58±1.8	61±2.1	47±1.9	52±1.8	53±1.9
	Pollen germination in vivo (%)
25/15	68±1.8	71±2.1	64±1.9	67±2.2	70±2.2	62±1.8
15/5	19±1.1	51±1.7	55±1.6	23±0.6	27±1.3	22±1.1
15/0	9±0.6	33±0.9	47±1.5	15±0.8	12±0.8	14±0.8
	Pollen tube growth in vitro (%)
25/15	946±16.3	981±15.1	878±14.2	1064±17.1	951±14.3	1015±13.8
15/5	238± 9.2	595±11.3	663±12.1	414±11.3	447±11.7	481±9.6
15/0	81± 3.8	221± 4.7	299± 9.1	172± 6.5	184±7.2	167±5.8
	Pollen tube growth in vivo (%)
25/15	100	100	100	100	100	100
15/5	23.5(4/17)a	76.5(13/17)	82.3(14/17)	55.6(10/18)	58.8(10/17)	61.1(11/18)
15/0	17.6(3/17)	52.9(9/17)	55.6(10/18)	31.3(5/16)	35.3(6/17)	38.8(7/18)
	Ovules per ovary (number)
25/15	2.5±0.13	2.4±0.11	2.4±0.13	2.7±0.14	2.6±0.13	2.8±0.17
15/5	2.4±0.11	2.3±0.15	2.4±0.17	2.6±0.13	2.4±0.15	2.7±0.12
15/0	2.5±0.17	2.4±0.14	2.4±0.12	2.7±0.17	2.6±0.12	2.8±0.14
	Maximum size of ovule at flower opening (µm)
25/15	452±5.5	435±5.1	444±4.7	493±5.8	514±5.2	484±4.7
15/5	366±4.1	363±4.4	392±5.3	417±3.8	423±3.9	407±5.2
15/0	334±4.7	377±4.1	402±4.6	425±4.7	413±4.1	412±5.4
	Viability of ovules at flower opening (%)
25/15	81±1.8	86±1.7	84±2.2	85±1.5	84±1.7	88±1.8
15/5	43±1.7	55±1.8	67±1.6	45±1.9	58±2.2	53±1.7
15/0	17±1.1	49±2.2	59±2.1	28±1.8	31±1.6	32±2.1
	Ovule fertilization (%)
25/15	85±1.9	82±2.4	84±2.2	87±2.1	88±1.7	83±2.9
15/5	8±0.2	42±1.2	49±1.7	19±0.6	21±1.3	26±1.1
15/0	2±0.1	23±1.1	34±1.1	8±0.2	9±0.3	12±0.4

^aFigures in parentheses: (styles with >10 pollen tubes at the base/total flowers tested).
Note : Cultivar/line means were significantly different according to the Kruskal-Wallis test.