1. Introduction to Physics
2. Getting Organized
a. Administrative Details
b. Syllabus
c. Notebooks
d. Projects
3. Nature of Physics
a. Search for rules of game
b. Apply from subatomic particles to galaxies
c. Laws/theories “proven” by experiment
d. Able to predict
4. Classical Physics
a. Deterministic: Knowing present conditions makes future 100% predictable
b. Follow Newton’s and Maxwell’s laws
c. Kepler: Orbital Motion
d. Newton: Gravity, motion
e. Waves and Sound
5. Classical Physics
a. Thermodynamics
i. Heat
ii. Irreversability
iii. Entropy
b. Electrical Charge and Fields
i. Able to see effects
ii. Unable to determine why
c. Electromagnetic Waves
i. Discrete nature puzzling
6. Quantum Physics
a. Newton’s law fail for very small and very large
b. Einstein: Relativity, gravity, E=mc2
c. Uncertainty Principle: Measurement changes nature
d. Quantized Phenomena
7. Quantum Physics
a. Quantum Mechanics/Dual nature of matter
b. Quantum Electrodynamics: interaction of photon and matter
c. Quantum Chromodynamics: interaction of gluon and matter
8. Quantum Predictions
a. Predict characteristics of subatomic particles
b. Predict star/galaxy structure and formation
c. Predict matter/antimatter interactions
9. Dimensional Analysis
a. Type of quantity determines dimension and unit
i. Distance - length - meter
ii. Speed - length/time - meter/second
b. Physical quantities are:
i. Fundamental dimensions, or
ii. Combinations of fundamental dimensions
10. Dimensional Analysis
a. Used to check relationships for consistency
i. x = ½ vt
ii. x = ½ vt2
11. Fundamental Dimensions/Units
a. Based on properties of nature, except for mass
b. Length (meter): distance light travels in 1/3x108 seconds
c. Mass (kilogram): mass of Pt-Ir block at BIPM
d. Time (second): time for 9.19 x 109 vibrations of 133Cs
12. Fundamental Dimensions/Units
a. Temperature (Kelvin): 1/273 of triple point of water
b. Amount of substance (mole): 6.022 x 1023 particles of substance
c. Electric Current (ampere): current producing 2 x10-7 N
d. Intensity of light (candela): 540 x 1012Hz light produced by 1/683 Watt
13. Measurement Prefixes
i. Peta(P) - 1015 Femto (f) - 10-15
ii. Tera (T) - 1012 pico (p) - 10-12
iii. Giga (G) - 109 nano (n) - 10-9
14. Derived Units
a. Calculated from fundamental units/dimensions
15. Significant figures
a. Indicates precision of measurement
b. Last digit is estimate
c. Least precise measurement determines precision of derived dimensions / units
d. Use scientific notation
16. Scientific notation (n x 10x)
a. A number 1< n < 10 (coefficient)
b. Multiply by power of ten
c. Add/subtract only same exponent
d. Multiply: add exponents
e. Divide: subtract exponents
17. Unit Conversion
a. Write down original units
b. Write conversion factors as fraction, desired unit on top
c. Combine algebraically
d. Do units make sense
e. If units do not make desired unit, conversion is wrong
18. Trigonometry
a. Study of triangles
b. Used to analyze vector quantities
19. Abbreviations
a. Hyp - hypotenuse
b. Q - angle being studied
c. adj - adjacent side
d. opp - opposite side
20. Sine
a. Sin Q = opp/hyp
b. Q = sin-1 (opp/hyp)
c. Varies from -1 to +1
21. Cosine
a. Cos Q = adj/hyp
b. Q = cos-1 (adj/hyp)
c. Varies from -1 to +1
d. Offset 90º from sin
22. Tangent
a. Tan Q = opp/adj
b. Q = tan-1 (opp/adj)
c. Varies from - infinity to + infinity
23. Pythagorean Theorem
a. hyp2 = opp2 + adj2
b. Used to find sides of angles/triangles
24. Scalar Quantities
a. Quantities without direction
b. time (t)
c. mass (m)
d. volume (v)
e. distance (x)
25. Vectors
a. Physical quantity with a direction
b. Magnitude and direction
i. Distance vs displacement
c. Equal when magnitude and direction are equal
d. Symbol: bold or normal with arrow over top
26. Vector Direction
a. Sign indicates direction
b. Positive direction
i. Up and right
ii. North and East
iii. May be redefined
c. Negative direction
i. Down and left
ii. South and west
iii. May be redefined
27. Vector Addition
a. Resultant: sum of vector
b. Must account for both direction and magnitude
28. Colinear Vectors
a. Add magnitudes
b. Use sign for directions
c. Sign of answer indicates direction of resultant
29. Right Angles
a. Use Pythagorean Theorem for magnitudes
b. Use tan for angle (direction)
30. Subtraction
a. Multiply vector being subtracted by (-1)
b. Changes direction (180º) not magnitude
c. Add normally
31. Any angle
a. Resolve vector into components
b. Add compoments
c. Use Pythagorean Theorem and tan to find resultant
32. Vector compoments
a. Any vector is resultant of 2 right angle vectors
b. Need to know magnitude and direction of a vector
c. Horizontal: Vh = Vcosq
d. Vertical: Vv = V sinq
33. Vector Components
a. Add horizontal components
b. Add vertical components
c. Use Pythagorean Theorem with Vh and Vv for magnitude
d. Use tan with Vh and Vv for direction
34. Problem Solving
a. ID laws, theories, concepts to link quantities in problem
b. Determine formula for final answer and set up intermediate formulas
c. Solve equations for unknowns
d. Substitute given values and solve
e. Does it make sense?