Objectives | Figures | Description | Claims |
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, Ramon Verea, of the city, county, and State
of New York, have invented a new and Improved Calculating-Machine, of which the
following is a specification.
Objectives | Figures | Description | Claims |
Figure 1
is a longitudinal section taken on line x x in
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2
is a sectional plan view.
Fig. 3
is a longitudinal section taken on line y y in
Fig. 2.
Fig. 4
is an inverted plan view.
Fig. 5
is a vertical transverse section taken on line z z in
Fig. 1.
Fig. 6
is a vertical transverse section taken on line x' x' in
Fig. 1.
Fig. 7
is a detail view of the index-plate.
Fig. 8
is a detail view of the sliding table.
Fig. 9
is a detail view of the adjusting mechanism.
Fig. 10
is a table accompanying the machine.
Figs. 11
and 12
are side and end views, respectively, of the vertically-
Referring to the drawing, A is the frame of the machine, which contains
all of the working parts. For the purposes of this description I have called
the end marked a the "front end" of the machine, and the
end marked b the "rear end."
Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire
to secure by Letters Patent - RAMON VEREA.
Figures
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
all.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Objectives
Figures
Description
Claims
In the front end of the frame A there are ways
c, in which is placed a sliding frame, B, in which are
journaled two hollow decagonal prisms, C C', whose shafts
e e' project through the upper bar of the frame, and are
provided with pinions f f', which are engaged by
detent-
A table, D, having slots j j, is placed
above the frame B, and secured to it, so as to confine the plates
i i' to their places. Knobs k project from the
plates i i' through the slots j in the table
D, and are provided with indicator-
There are holes n,
Fig. 8,
through the table at the inner end of the slots j, through which
the figures on the plates i i' may be seen.
In each face of each decagonal prism there are nine holes,
o, disposed in two vertical rows. These holes are of different
diameters, and the smaller ones vary in depth.
A slide, E, is placed upon vertical guides p,
which are supported in the frame A by
cross-
The slide E is moved up or down, so as to bring the pins
r opposite any of the holes o by means of the
levers F, which are
fulcrumed on the shaft G and connected with the slide by means of
links s. The levers F extend to the extreme rear end
of the machine, where they are connected together by a
cross-bar, t. The shaft G, which is journaled near the
middle of the frame, has, near each end, cams u, which engage lugs
v on the arms w, that extend rearwardly from the
frame B.
A transverse frame, H, is placed in vertical guides
in the middle of the frame A, and in it are placed four horizontal bars,
a' a'' b' b'', to the forward end of each of
which is attached a vertical bar, c', which corresponds
in position to one of the pins r.
The frame H is moved up and down alternately by two
cams, d e'. These cams are secured together, and
are oppositely disposed in respect to each other. They are capable of sliding
upon the shaft G, but are prevented from
turning independently thereof by a feather on the shaft. These cams are
shifted so as to bring either of them into engagement with an apertured plate,
f'',
Figs. 3
and 11,
secured to the frame H by means of two arms,
g 1, which project downward from
a sliding bar, h 1, that extends
longitudinally through the frame H, and is supported
by guides formed in the sides of the frame A. Two lugs,
Fig. 3,
project from the edge of the opening in the plate f'', and
are engaged by one or the other of the cams
d 1 e 1
when the frame H is raised or lowered.
The rear ends of the bars
a' a'' b' b'',
Fig. 1,
are offset and provided and provided with racks j' j'',
which may be brought into engagement with pinions
k 1 on the shafts of the wheels
l' l'', which shafts are journaled
in standards m 1,
Fig. 2,
that project from a cross-bar of the frame A. Adjoining
the wheel l'' there is a wheel, l''',
which is placed axially in line with the wheels l' l''.
Above the wheels l' l'' l''' there is a frame,
I, which is parallel to the axis of the said wheels, and is supported in
guides formed in the frame A. In the frame I there is a rod,
o 1, upon which are placed five
wheels,
The wheels
The sectors, when moved, carry the pinions v' until
a blank space is reached on the pinion, when the cipher will come opposite a
slot, c 2, in the front side of
the frame I. The sectors
a 2 are
returned to their original position, out of the way of the pinions
v', by a spring, d 2.
The rotation of the shaft G moves the frame B rearward,
so that the prisms C are brought into engagement with the tapering pins
r. When the said pins strike the bottom or sides of the holes
o they are carried forward by the prisms C against the
vertical bars c' on the ends of the bars a'. When
they come into contact with these bars they push them toward the rear of the
machine, and thus cause the pinions k and wheels
l'' l''' to rotate a sufficient distance to bring the proper
numbers opposite the slot c 2.
The distance through which the wheels are rotated depends entirely
upon the distance through which the prisms C move before engaging the
tapering pins r. The holes o in the prisms C
vary from the top to the bottom on each face, and no two faces are alike.
The tapering pins r are moved up and down by the
levers F, so that they may be placed opposite of any of the holes in
the rear face of the prisms, and the position of the prisms, as before
observed, is regulated by moving the plates i i' out or in,
according to the scale on the table D.
The height of the pins r is regulated by one of
two sliding scales, J, which engage a lever, K, that is pivoted
at one side of the frame A, and has a triangular projection,
c 2, which extends nearly to the
frame I. The scales J are placed in guide-
The prisms govern the operations of the machine. They are alike,
and the holes in their several faces are made according to the table shown in
Fig. 10.
The figures in each division of the table represent certain parts of the
diameter of the largest hole in the cylinder, 9 representing the largest holes,
which are capable of receiving the pins without moving them.
0 is a mere indentation, and from 1 to 9 the holes vary
regularly in size, each figure smaller than 9 representing a certain part
of 9.
The taper and length of the pins r, as will be
noticed, are also proportionate to the diameter of the holes, so that when a
pin strikes in a 9-hole it is not moved forward at all. When it strikes in an
8-hole the pin r is moved forward, so as to turn the wheel
u' one-tenth of a revolution. When the pin strikes in a 7-hole
it moves the wheel u' through two-tenths of a revolution, and so
on throughout the entire table; and when the end of the pin strikes in the
indentation marked 0 it is carried forward, so as to cause the wheel
u to make nine-tenths of a revolution.
The table is constructed especially for this machine, and is made
from the ordinary multiplication-
Take, for example, 5x5=25. The figures 25 are transposed,
making 52. This taken from 99 leaves 47, (99-52=47) the number required for
the place of the product of 5x5 in the ordinary
multiplication-
Directly under the wheels l' l'' l'''
there is a rod, g 2, upon which
are placed two sleeves, h 2. To
one end of each sleeve is secured an arm,
i 4, that extends upward in
position to be engaged by a pin
j 2, projecting from the
number-
The operation of the machine is as follows:
Before beginning any operation take care that all indexes, wheels, and sliding
tables mark zero. To write any number, the button h,
Fig. 6,
ought to be pulled out. If it is desired to multiply a number of units, the
index l, that is connected with the prism C, is moved to
the multiplier on the table D, and one of the scales J is moved
downward until the multiplicand is even with the top of the frame I.
The shaft G is now turned in a right-hand direction, carrying the frame
B forward until the prisms C engage the tapering pins
r and carry
them backward against the vertical bars c', when the bars
a' and their racks are carried backward until the wheels
l'' l''' are rotated so as to show in the slot
c'' the product. Should tens enter into the calculation the
prism C is brought into use, and the index l, connected
therewith, is moved to the proper number, and the operation is performed
as before. Should the units-wheel make one revolution it will be
registered on the tens-wheel by the action of the fork
l 4, it being thrown into
position to engage the tens-wheel by the lever
i 2 when the latter is engaged by
the pin j 2 on the units-wheel.
The hundreds-wheel is turned from the tens-wheel in precisely the same
manner.
The reverse motion of the wheels u' is secured by
shifting the cams d 1 by means of
the rod h 1, by which the
relation of the racks i'' to the pinions k is
changed.
To subtract, the indexes l are adjusted to figures
on the plate D which represent the subtrahend. The shaft G is
then turned until the subtrahend appears in the slot c''. The
slides i are again moved until the indexes l are
opposite the numbers representing the minuend. The rod
h 1 is then
moved so as to reverse the motion of the frame H, and bring the other
set of racks, i', into engagement with the pinions K.
The shaft G is now turned, and the racks are carried forward, so as to
take the minuend from the subtrahend and have the numbers representing
the remainder exposed through the slot c''.
It is obvious that holes of different depths may be made in
the prisms, and that the pins r may be of one diameter throughout.
Therefore I do not confine myself to the exact form herein described.
The following are practical examples in addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division:
Addition. - Example: 96+34+27. Push the
second index l till it marks or points 9, and figure 9
will appear in the lateral hole n. Push the index
l till the number 6 will appear in the hole n,
making together 96. Give a turn to the main shaft G,
and 96 will appear on the wheels in the product-box. For the second amount, 34,
push the left index l to 3 and the other to 4, and 34 will appear
in the lateral holes n. With another turn to the main shaft 130
will appear in the product-box. To add, now, 27, we have to do the same. Write
the numbers in the indexes l, turn the shaft G, and 157
will appear in the product-box, which is the sum of 96+34+27.
Subtraction. - To subtract, we write the minuend
in the index l, as 96, and turn the main shaft. Then we write the
subtrahend, say 34, just as we did in the addition; but before turning the
shaft we pull out the button h 1,
Fig. 6;
62 will appear in the product-box.
Multiplication. - Example: 86x97. We write
one of these factors on the indexes l, as for adding, and the
other on the sliding tables J in the back of the product-box. We move
this box as many places to the right as there are numbers in the multiplicator,
less one. Having written 86 in the indexes and 97 on the sliding tables,
and with the product-box in position, we turn once the main shaft G,
and the product-case will mark 774, which is the product of 86x9.
Now we move the product-box one place to the left and turn the shaft again,
and the product-box will mark 8342, which is the product of 86x97.
Division. - Example: 8342/86. We write the dividend
in the product-box by transferring from the indexes, and push the
product-box
to the right, the same as for multiplication. Then we write 86 in the indexes,
and pull out the button h',
Fig. 6.
83 can hold 8 about nine times, so we mark 9 in the sliding table
J in the back of the box, and give a turn to the shaft; 602 will appear
or be left. We move the box one place to the left, and, supposing that 60
will hold 8 seven times, we push down the slide-table on the right to 7,
and turn the shaft. Nothing will appear in the product-box. 8342/86=97.
Objectives
Figures
Description
Claims
1. The combination, in a calculating-
2. The sliding bars a', carrying racks
i'', the wheels u l, tapering pins
r, and perforated prisms C, in combination, substantially
as herein shown and described.
3. The combination of the scales J, lever K,
levers F, slide E, and tapering pins r,
substantially as herein shown and described.
4. The combination of the lever
i 4, the arm
k 2, fork
l 4, and mechanism for operating
the same, the wheels r 1, having
the pins j 2, and the wheels
l', substantially as herein shown and described.
5. The bars a', frame H, having the plate
f", and the cams
d 1 e 1,
in combination, substantially as herein shown and described.
6. The graduated plates i, carrying racks
h and indexes
l, the graduated table D, and the prisms
C C', having pinions f f',
in combination, substantially as herein shown and described.
7. The combination of the toothed sectors
a 2 and the mutilated pinions
v' with the wheels
r 1, substantially as herein
shown and described.
Notes:
This is the model of the machine that Verea
submitted to the United States Patent Office.
(Source: G.C. Chase, History of Mechanical Computing
Machinery", Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 2, No.3, July
1980, reprint of Proc. ACM, 1952)