The Devil card in the Chalice pack has attempted to be the backlash from Temperance's Promethean guilt or angst - everything a devil should be. Here, he is virtually a caricature with the eyes of Beelzebub, the horns of a beast, bat's wings, and a large, erect phallus. Neither the chains nor the enslaved couple have been forgotten: these appear in the top left panel. The pentagram points downwards, symbolising the dominion of matter over spirit. The Devil corresponds to Saturn-ruled Capricorn - many commentators have suggested that it is no accident that "Saturn" and "Satan" have such a similar spelling. Saturn in astrology is frequently the bête noir for most people, the area of life where the individual is most likely to hold himself or herself back.

In the Old Testament the word "satan" originally meant "adversary". In the book, Satan's role is to challenge both God and Job, literally playing the Devil's Advocate by ruthlessly challenging the integrity of the most cherished beliefs they possess. When the chips are down, Satan demands - are you really the nice, good person you think you are?

Satan, rather like a moral tax collector, is hardly likely to gain brownie points for popularity in this incarnation. Yet without this testing, real self-knowledge may never be reached. The Devil may well appear in a spread where the querent is likely to face a similar challenge. Much like the board game Scruples, the Devil allows us to find out whether or not we really would read our boyfriend's diary, cheat at cards, or sleep with our best friend's lover. Naturally, many people balk at this self-knowledge. It can be more comfortable to find a scapegoat for all these nastier, personal qualities instead. This is what Jung called the problem of the "shadow", where the socially-conditioned ego disowns those qualities not in keeping with its own self-image.

This is what is meant by what some anthropologists call a "folk devil" and the rabid hatred engendered by them is unmistakable. Folk devils may include Jews, blacks, Communists, the unemployed; the list is endless. For this commentator, at least, another strong clue that this form of scapegoating is taking place is that the folk devil is said to be dirty, or to smell bad, perhaps possessing a rampant sexuality. The Chalice pack wished to draw attention to the Devil's more instinctual qualities. As shadow, he is also master of the id.

The image of the Devil himself is said to be derived from the hornèd god Pan, himself a scapegoat of Christian totalitarianism. Those of a pagan persuasion may see in the Hornèd One a rehabilitated image of a sensitised male sexuality.

Before the process of rehabilitation is complete, however, it is worth remembering that the Devil is still capable of being the Prince of Lies. There are many individuals who rationalise life decisions made out of fear and bad faith rather than through authentic choice. These are the people who hold onto jobs or partners they dislike because on some level they have sold their souls to a less worthy goal, such as security. The Devil may then remind the querents that they themselves are their own worst gaolers, not the situation itself. "Better the devil you know", these individuals may cry.