C and C++ have
features and characteristics of high-level languages, but can also
manage low-level features such as binary operations on bits (bit
wise operation) and memory address manipulation. The C language
was developed during the 1970's at Bell Labs to challenge the
domination of assembly language in system programming. It was
tested successfully by way of a powerful operating system known as
UNIX. Ever since then, the C language has become a language of
choice with scientific and business applications. In academic
institutions, C replaced Pascal as the teaching language, not
because it is an easy language to learn but because of its
popularity and market demand. In the 1980's, a superset of C
called C++ was designed at AT&T Bell Labs to incorporate the
already demanding features of object-oriented programming (OOP)
into the C language, so it can fulfill the needs of software
developers and the marketplace.(C++
Programming Easy Ways, Volume One Alireza Ebrahimi, Ph.D. Page 7)
JavaScript is a
language that is embedded in HTML and is executed in a browser
(Internet Explorer or Netscape). Almost every web page now
utilizes JavaScript. While the name is JavaScript and people think
it is related to Java, it is a distinct language by itself.
Dealing with the Internet (Internet programming) is a common
purpose of Java and JavaScript, and both are event-driven. The way
JavaScript handles input (ex. an input value has to be parsed to
its numerical value) is similar to Java. JavaScript can take
advantage of HTML to make the page more presentable by using loops
and if statements to manipulate many fonts, colors, etc. The
syntax of JavaScript is very similar to that of C++ and
JavaScript's keywords are mostly from C/C++; out of 22 keywords,
17 are used in C++, 4 keywords are used in Pascal such as var,
function, with, and in, and there are some other keywords such as
null and typeof. The words write and writeln (write line) to
display are also used in Pascal. JavaScript is an event-driven
language that, upon certain events such as clicking the mouse or
pressing a key, an action takes place. (C++
Programming Easy Ways, Volume two Alireza Ebrahimi, Ph.D. Page
696)
HTML stand for
Hyper-Text Markup Language and it consists of numerous tags that
are used to format a web page. Although it is called a language,
the fact is that it is a marking (tagging) of the text that has an
effect when the file is viewed in a browser, where the impact of
those tags is shown. An HTML file consists of several tags
inserted are enclosed in
< >
(angled brackets) indicating the start of the tags; a tag preceded
by a /
(slash) indicates the end of the effect of the tag.
(C++ Programming Easy
Ways, Volume Two Alireza Ebrahimi, Ph.D. Page 694)
CGI stand s for Common
Gateway Interface and is a simple protocol (standard) to establish
a communication (interaction) between your Web page (located
anywhere) via a browser and your program that resides on a Web
server. The CGI program (e.g. C++, or Perl) processes data
submitted by a form and performs requested tasks such as
searching. After submitting a form, the browser uses HTTP to make
a request for the URL of a CGI
(C++
Programming Easy Ways, Alireza Ebrahimi, Ph.D. Page 7)
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What is C/C++?