Europeans have responsibilities and rights in the political life of the Union. They have a part to play in the development of the Union:

Right to vote

All European citizens are entitled to vote, in their country of origin or residence, in the European Parliamentary elections, which are held every five years. The Treaty also stipulates that a uniform voting procedure is to be introduced. However, Member States have yet to agree on a procedure. Each Member State therefore organises the election in accordance with national electoral laws.

Right of petition

Any member of the European public may submit a petition to the European Parliament on any matter regarding the Union, simply by sending it a signed letter. Parliament can then investigate any violation of an individual’s rights or legitimate interests by a Member State or by an institution. It is also a way for the public to contribute by making proposals aimed at improving the Union’s legislation and executive action.

Openness

Institutions are required to be open in conducting their business. This new obligation introduced by the Amsterdam Treaty gives the public:

• the right of access to all documents of the institutions, subject to limits laid down by the European Parliament and Council. They also have access to documents produced by Member States, with their consent;
• the right to be told the results of votes and explanations of vote given by each national delegation when the Council makes legislative decisions.

Diplomatic protection

When outside the Union, nationals of one Member State may benefit from the protection of any of the other Member States, subject to certain conditions.