You may find it easiest to open a second browser window and actually work on your page while referencing this page at the same time. You can do that in almost any browser by choosing "New Window", "New Web Browser" or "New Browser Window" from the "File" pulldown menu.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It consists of a set of codes which are inserted in a document to control the way the document is displayed by a "web browser" such as Netscape Navigator/Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. Since you are viewing this document, you must be using a web browser. If it has a "view source" feature, you can see what this web page looks like with the codes showing. In Netscape, select VIEW, then SOURCE... If you are familiar with the hidden codes used by word processors such as WordPerfect, you will see that HTML codes are very similar. A document containing these codes is called an HTML document.
An HTML document must have the proper form, so that it will be recognized and interpreted properly by the browser software. The basic form is:
< HEAD > < TITLE > < /TITLE > < /HEAD > < BODY > main_part_of_document_goes_here < /BODY > < /HTML > |
You should notice two things here. Opening codes are enclosed in brackets < > , and closing codes include a slash < / > .
For example, an HTML document is opened by < HTML > and closed by < /HTML > .
The best way to learn how to use HTML is to use it. Try out the tips on this home page. Each one will teach you a little more.
You can control the color of the background, text, and links in your home page by using the
tag. To control the various colors on your page, the < BODY > tag is written like this :< BODY BGCOLOR="#xxxxxx" text="#xxxxxx" link="#xxxxxx" vlink="#xxxxxx" alink="#xxxxxx" >
You may include any of the items (bgcolor, text, link, vlink or alink), or leave any of them out. To set the color of the background, text, link, visited link, or active link, substitute a color value for the xxxxxx in the sample above. Do not make them all the same color, or you won't be able to see anything on your page.
Here are a few colors that you can use:
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These values represent the hexidecimal value of the red/green/blue combination that makes up the color. A full explanation of these values is beyond the scope of this page, but can be found elsewhere on the web. When you see a color you like on another home page, you can use the "view source" feature of your browser to see the code for that color.
SUGGESTION: Start out by adding the tag
< BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0066CC" vlink="#336600" > < /td > |
as the first item in the "Body Text" window. This will give you the color combination used on this page (as long as you have unchecked the box above the pulldown menus). Once you have that working, you can experiment with different colors by changing this tag.
< BODY BACKGROUND="bg.gif" text="#000000" link="#0066CC vlink="#336600" > |
Note: the image must be located in your own directory in the example above. If it's located somewhere else, you'll need to give the entire path in order for it work successfully. For more help with loading images, please see the section on adding graphics to your site.
You can insert a horizontal line (horizontal rule) in your document by inserting a < hr > tag. The default line is a full width, thin, and shaded, like this:
Enhancements to this tag, which are recognized by most browsers, allow more control of the appearance of the line. By adding SIZE=NUMBER, the thickness of the line can be controlled. The alignment can be controlled by adding ALIGN=LEFT/RIGHT/CENTER. The width of the line can be adjusted by adding WIDTH=PERCENT. A black line can be created by adding NOSHADE.
Combining these enhancements,
< hr size=10 align=left noshade width=50% > |
will produce a thick black line at the left margin, half page width.
Note: The "fancy" lines used on many web pages are not produced by the
< li > item one < br > < li > item two < br > < li > item three < br > |
The list will look like this:
< li > item one < br > < li > item two < br > < li > item three < br > |
The list will look like this:
This is the same list, with the tags visible:
< dt > Oranges < br > < dd > A reddish yellow tropical fruit about the size of an apple. A member of the citrus fruit family. In the United States, oranges are grown primarily in the states of Florida and California. < br > < dt > Technically a pome, apples are an orange-sized fruit, usually in varying shades and mixtures of red, yellow, and green. In the United States, apples are grown primarily in the northern states, near bodies of water. < br > |
< h1 > Level one header < /h1 > < br > < br > < h2 > Level two header < /h2 > < br > < br > < h3 > Level three header < /h3 > < br > < br > < h4 > Level four header < /h4 > < br > < br > < h5 > Level five header < /h5 > < br > < br > > h6 > Level six header > /h6 > < br > |
will look like this:
This line:
< center > This is a test < /center > |
will appear like this:
If more than one line of text is enclosed in the tags, all enclosed lines will be centered.
< b > Bold text < /b > |
will appear as:
Bold text
< i > Italic text < /i > |
will appear as:
Italic text
< b > < i > Bold and italic text < /i > < b > |
will appear as:
Bold Italics
Note: It is very important that you close the tags in the same order that you opened them. In other words, in the last example, it was important that I closed the "Italics" tag before I closed the "Bold" tag (put the < /i > before the < /b > ).
Web browsers do not respect the way you have formatted your text. They ignore carriage returns and line feeds. Unless given specific instruction, your text will be fitted to the line length of the browser.
Inserting a < br > tag will cause the current line to end and a new one to start. Inserting a < p > tag will cause the current line to end, a blank line to be inserted, and a new line to start.
There are times when it is nice to have your text appear just the way you have typed it. You can do this by placing a < PRE > tag at the beginning of the passage, and a < /PRE > tag at the end. Your text will appear in a fixed-pitch (typewriter) font and retain any tabs, line feeds, multiple spaces, etc. that you may have included. For example:
There was a young man from Boston who bought himself a new Austin. He had room for his lass and a gallon of gas but his tie hung out and he lost 'em.
The code
< blink > I am blinking! < /blink > |
Be careful not to overdo it with this one!
< a name="target_name_here" > |
< a href="#target_name_here" > hotlink_text |
The hotlink_text will appear underlined and in the "link" color. When the user clicks the hotlink, the web browser will jump to the target_text. Go to index. is a good example of a hotlink. Use the VIEW, SOURCE feature of your browser to see the HTML tags surrounding the hotlink and the target text at the top of the index.
< a href="index" > hotlink_text |
If the file is in the same directory as the calling file, it is only necessary to specify the filename. If the file being called is in a different directory, give the "relative path and filename". For example, if the calling file is in a directory called "schmoo" and the called file is named "doom.gif" and is in "schmoo/graphics", the tag would be written < a href="graphics/doom.gif" > . If the calling file were in "schmoo/graphics" and the called file were in "schmoo", the tag would be written < a href="../doom.gif" > I have placed a file called "doom.gif" in the same directory as the file you are currently reading. This file can be opened with the following hotlink:
< a href="doom.gif" > Open doom.gif |
Try out this hotlink (below), then use the "back" key on your browser to return to this document.
< a href="http://geocities.datacellar.net/ResearchTriangle/Lab/1855/index.html" > Go to "Falcone's Aerosmith Page" |
will take you to a page called "Falcone's Aerosmith Page" located at http://geocities.datacellar.net/ResearchTriangle/Lab/1855/index.html. You will find a link on that page to return you here, or use the "back" button on your browser. Try it!
< img src="doom.gif" align="bottom" > |
This tag will cause a graphic file named "doom.gif", which is in the same directory as the file you are reading to be displayed in the position that it would appear if it were text, like this:
You can control the position of the image. The most basic way to do this is to treat it as text. For example, surrounding the image tag with center tags gives this:
< img src="doom.gif" align=bottom > < a href="#index" > Go to index. < /a > |
gives this display:
There is much more to be said about graphic images, since they are a key element in really good pages, and can also detract from your page by making it very "slow". Stay tuned.
Please note that the image below is clickable.
< FONT FACE="Script" SIZE="-1" COLOR="#0000ff" > < A HREF="http://geocities.datacellar.net/TimesSquare/Arcade/3610/" > Shadow's Site < /A > < /FONT >
Member of the Internet Link Exchange |