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Until recently Partizansk was known mostly as a coal mining town. This was true since more than three quarters of all industrial production was high-quality coal.
Though Partizansk is still one of the important coal mining areas of the Province, more branches of industry appeared here in the recent several years. After the Partizanskaya (Partisan) hydro-electric power station was built the town became an important supplier of electric power in Primorye. In 1960 the "Gorizont" (Horizon) leather goods factory started to function. Its production was in reat demand far beyond the Province boundaries. In 1962 the "Molodyozhnaya" (Youth) garment factory was built, in 1969 the "Avangard" (Avant-Garde) garment factory started functioning. There are the "Pishchevik" (Food Industry Worker) Joint-Stock Company (former meat processing plant), a brewery, a town food industrial complex, a bread-baking plant, and a State timber industry enterprise in the town.
In 1980s several defence industry plants were built. They include the "Uragan" (Hurricane) turbine plant, the "Amur" instrumental plant, and a chemical-pharmaceutical plant. The first two were restructured in the first years of perestroika to serve other branches of industry, and the chemical-pharmaceutical plant merged into the "Farmgorod" (Pharmaceutical City) enterprise in Nakhodka free economic zone.
In 1996 coal industry share in the gross product of Partizansk was 65.2%, light industry share was 2%, food industry made up 28.6%, and machine-building industry - 3%.
In the suburban area the network of specialized holdings was created, which included the "Gorny" (Mountain) and "Yantarny" (Amber) State farms (specialized in gardening), the "Lazurny" (Azure) State farm (vegetable-growing), "Kazansky" State farm (milk and vegetable-growing). The "Tigrovy" fur State farm grows minks. The "Pribrezhnoye" (Coastal) enterprise (former State farm) is in charge of taiga gifts procurements and fur bagging.
Partizansk is located near the Nakhodka free economic zone, and is supposed to be included into it.
Partizansk is a large transport junction. It is connected with Nakhodka, Vladivostok, and Vostochny (Eastern) port by railroads. After the second Sikhote-Alinsky (Sikhotae-Alin) tunnel was put into operation, the goods traffic increased significantly. New passenger trains (including "Primorochka") appeared.
The traditional industry in Partizansk is coal industry. The town itself was founded because of the vast coal deposits. Since the times of foundation coal industry has been being the main industry in the town. New mines had been being put into operation constantly. In 1901 mine #1 was put into operation (its output was 105,000 tons of coal a year). This mine depleted long ago already. In 1918 the "Tsentralnaya" (Central) mine was put into operation, in 1938 - the "Nagornaya" (Mountainous) mine, in 1942 - the "Glubokaya" (Deep) mine, in 1943 - the "Severnaya" (Northern) mine, in 1949 - the "Avangard (Avant-Garde) mine. Since 1930 the "Dalshakhtstroy" (Far Eastern Mine Building) specialized enterprise had being building new mines and dwellings for miners. Coal mining mechanization and new mining equipment introduction started, as well as newer and more modern ways of coal extraction were introduced. In the 1930s pneumatic drills started being used. New railroads on the Partizansk - Anisimovka and Partizansk - Nakhodka sections were built.
The rated capacity of Partizansk mines is more than 1 million tons a year. This is how much coal was being mined in the 1980s and in the beginning of the 1990s. The peak was in 1960s, when about 3.5 million tons of coal were being mined. In 1994 the amount of mined coal fell to 758,000 tons, and in the first half of 1996 only 273,400 tons of coal were mined. There are several reasons for such decline. Mine works are being carried in hard conditions. The layers are not very thick, and they are located very deep underground (up to 700-1,000 meters (2,300-3,280 feet)); the layers fall sharply (the angle is 45-90°), they have many magmatic intrusions and breaks. Also, the methane exhausts are possible, and the layers are very sensitive to shocks. This makes coal mining much more expensive. Since this branch of insudtry is not properly financed, the development of new technologies and mines reconstruction is impossible. This is why new ways of more economical coal mining are being looking for. The "Glubokaya" mine was closed. It is planned to mine coal on the Semyonovka section near Sergeyevka (reserve of 3 million tons), and on the Soboliny (Sable) section in the Belaya Pad (White Valley). They will be mined under the Nagornaya (Mountainous) mine administration control. The layers on these sections are located close to the surface, and open mining is possible. The corrected rated capacity of these mines is 770,000 tons of coal a year.
With the development of the coal industry a number of enterprises serving it appeared. After the Partizanskaya (Partisan) hydro-electric power station was built in 1954, the power engineering industry appeared.
Today the coal industry in the town is being restructured. Instead of the "Partizanskugol" two new mine administrations are functioning ("Nagornoye" (Mountainous) and "Avangard" (Avant-Garde)). The first controls not only the "Nagornaya" (Mountainous) mine, but also the "Tsentralnay" (Central) mine and three sections of open coal mining. The second controls the "Severnaya" (Northern) and the "Avangard" (Avant-Garde) mines.
Light and food industries also are facing significant difficulties now, and the amount of construction are constantly falling.
Several enterprises are successfully working even in the difficult conditions of the so-called "transitional economy". The "Pishchevik" (Food Industry Worker) joint-stock venture, based on the former meat processing plant, is working even more successfully than in socialist times. Its assortment increased to 70 items. Besides sausage and meat productes it produces confectionary, bread products, sells its production, and maintains several public catering businesses. The company uses both local and imported raw materials. The demand for its production is not only the local market, but the whole Province. The amounts of production are constantly rising.
The "Uragan" (Hurricane) turbine plant is now a joint-stock company as well. As a result of conversion it was restructured into an enterprise, which processes orders of the coal and power engineering industry enterprises. It produces spares and spare equipment (transport rollers for coal mining, wheel-gear pumps, various spares for electric power stations, ports, and mines). The amounts of production are rising.
The "Uragan" (Hurricane) plant is becoming a leading enterprise in the town in creating new work places. Six business-plans were developed; it is planned to create six new production lines with 500 new work places, assuming that investments are available.
The prospecting here actually started in the beginning of the new coal deposits opening period. In the end of the XIXth century the prospecting works were held by mining engineer D.L. Ivanov, and in the beginning of the XXth century by foreman miners Akulov and Revyakin. The result of prospecting let found a prospecting mine #10 (now "Tsentralnaya" (Central)) on the "Dvoynik" (Twin) layer in 1912. Soon after that the prospecting mine #11 on the "Yuzhny" (Southern) layer was founded.
The "Tsentralnaya" (Central) mine was the first where pneumatic drill was used for the first time. In the years of the first five-year plans the Stakhanovite movement started from this mine.
During the Great Patriotic War 300 workers from this mine were recruited to the Army. Half of them died on the front. In spite of that the amount of mined coal did not drop. Women and children were working on the mine.
After the war the mine was awarded a Deed of the Superior Council Presidium of the RSFSR.
Nowadays the "Tsentralnaya" (Central) mine is one of the largest coal enterprises in Primorye. The mine is automated, almost all of the processes are mechanized. Combines, rock and coal loading devices, electric locomotives are being used in mining.
Mine's rated capacity is 280,000 tons of high-quality coal a year. Of the seven prospected layers only three are being mined: the "Barsuk" (Badger) layer (thickness of 0.6-1.4 m (2.0-4.6 feet)), the "Nizhne-Kedrovy" (Lower Pine) layer (2-28 m (7-92 feet)), the "Dvoynik" (Twin) layer (1.6-25 m (5.2-82.0 feet)). High-quality coal does not need concentration, its îáùàÿ çîëüíîñòü is 23-24%.
Because of the decline of profitability the mine was going to be closed several times.
The "Severnaya" (Northern) mine is located in Uglekamensk settlement. It was put into operation in 1943 with the rated capacity of 200,000 tons of coal a year. Mined coal was processed on the Partizanskaya Central Concentrating Factory, used as fuel, for the needs of the cement industry and household, and partially exported abroad.
Coal layers lie 5-50 m (16-164 feet) away from each other. Average layer thickness is 1.2-1.8 m (3.9-5.9 feet). Layers çîëüíîñòü is 10-40%. Combustion heat is 5,100-6,600 kcal/kg (2,313-2,994 kcal/lb).
The hydrogeological conditions of the deposit are difficult. Rock lodes in the coal layers often accumulate water, which makes mining much more complicated. Coal layers are dangerous because of large concentrations of coal dust.
On the level marks average temperature lies in the range from +12.5° (54.5°F) at the depth of 230 m (754 feet) to +18.1°C (64.6°F) at the depth of 400 m (1,312 feet). The maximal registered temperature was +45.8°C (114.4°F) at the depth of 1,240 m (4,067 feet).
Caol is mined with help of the "Ural" (the Urals), "Gornyak" (Miner), and "Donbass" combines. Level of combine mining mechanization is 5-20%.
Rrated capacity of the "Severnaya" (Northern) mine is 270,000 tons a year. The reserves are 21,192,000 tons. In 1990 811 tons of coal a day were mined, and 1,150 miners were occupied.
The Central Concentrating Factory was built and put into operation in 1963. Its main goal was concentration of the coals used for power engineering.
Originally the factory worked 300 days a year with 2 shifts. 31 shifts are used for repairing. Rated capacity of the factory (1.2 million tons a year) was reached in 1966. The factory is processing mainly Partizansk coal. For the 30-years existence large quantities of slag (coal dust) were accumulated. The slag occupies significant areas near the factory and pollutes nearby waters.
Burning of slag after its drying in furnaces is not efficient, since slag burns up only partially, which leads to the air pollution.
Coal briquetting helps reduce air and water pollution. The results of researches let develop the technology of producing of briquettes for houshold use. Briquetting is not possible without binding substance. In China coal is used as binding substance, in Japan it is sawdust and grinded bark of conifers. Both methods are not ecologically secure, and the briquettes are not durable. In Partizansk more efficient method is being used. Here sodium ãóìàíàò is added as binding substance. It can be obtained from the peat (which is abundant in Primorye) and lignite from the Pavlovskoye and Lipetskoye deposits. Special equipment is needed.
Nowadays because of the restructuring of the town industry and sharp decline of the amount of coal mined the factory is temporarily stopped.
In 1924-1925 in Suchan workshops on the mining equipment and mine roads repair appeared. They were later renamed the central electromechanical workshops (CEW). Since 1930, when a shop on electric appliances repair was put into operation, the CEW consist of the following sections:
The CEW are working successfully only if the coal industry will be developing.
The station is located near the Lozovaya (Vine) station in the Patizanskaya (Partisan) river valley 10 km (6.2 miles) away from Partizansk and 40 km (25 miles) away from Nakhodka. The station was built in 1945-1949. The raw materials for the station are coal and lignite, which are available in Partizansk, and can be exported from the other areas of the country by the railroad. The dam at the Lozovy Klyuch (Vine Spring) provides water reserves necessary for the station functioning. Consumers of the electric power are the industrial enterprises in Partizansk and Nakhodka, the neighbouring regions, and their population. The station was projected by the "Teploelectroproyekt" institute (Leningrad). Equipment needed for the construction came from all over the country: boilers were brought from Barnaul, turbines - from Leningrad and Sverdlovsk, mills - from Kramatorsk, and pumps - from Ukraine and Podmoskovye.
On December 14, 1954 the first turbo-alternator, which was the most powerful in the whole whole Far East started functioning. In 5 years the station reached its rated capacity and became one of the leading stations in the "Dalenergo" system.
In 1979 the station reached new stage of its development. Reconstruction and modernization of obsolete equipment began. In 1989 the second reconstruction was carried out.
In times of the economic reforms the enterprise was transformed into a joint-stock company as a part of the "Dalenergo" JSC together with the heating power plants #1 and #2 in Vladivostok, and the Artyomovskaya and Primorskaya hydro-electric power stations. The station faces huge economic difficulties due to the consumers non-payment. The production of electric power in 1995 reduced 1.2 times comparing with 1994. Because of the difficulties with the equipment modernization the costs of electric power are constantly rising. Coal and lignite became more expensive, its supply is very irregular.
The station burns 3,500 tons of coal for the 24-hour period. Coal is imported from Partizansk, Artyom, Zabaykalye, and Neryungri (in Yakutia). There are three turbines and six boilers for supplying the turbines with steam. The station is working in close connection with the other stations in Primorye.
There are main and auxiliary shops at the station. They are all formed into one technological chain. Below is the list of the main shops.
Another polluting substance is coal dust, which is scattered by the wind from the coal field, where 100-300 thousand tons of coal are stored. Cinders and coal dst are very dangerous for human health.
The "Molodyozhnaya" (Youth) garment factory started functioning in summer 1962.
The factory's peak of activity was in 1960-70s, when 1,300 people were occupied. They were working in two shifts. There were 3 shops: 2 sewing shops and one clothing-cuting shop. The factory had branches in Nikolayevka, Uglekamensk, in the 73rd district, and in the area of railway station. There was also a shop of craftsmen working at home. Two corrective labor camps were also assigned t the factory.
The factory was using raw materials from Ivanovo, Barnaul, and Orenburg.
The factory specialized in of men's and children's shirts and linen for new-born. In 1980s the factory was sewing about 2 million shirts a year. They were sold mainly in the Russsian Far East and North, and partially in the western regions of the country.
With the beginning of the economic reforms in the end of the 80s the recession started. The production was switched onto one-shift routine since the number of workers reduced greatly. In 1995 the factory produced only 216 thousand shirts. In 1996 the factory employed only 300 people, which were working for a South Korean company using its raw materials and technologies. The Koreans were selling garments in the USA and Canada. Later on the factory was bought by this company.
The "Gorizont" (Horizon) factorywas founded in 1960. It specializes in sewing of various bags, briefcases of artificial leather, etc. Raw materials are delivered from the Moskovskaya Oblast, Bogorodsk, Neftekamsk, Taiwan.The production is sold in the Province (Vladivostok, Artyom, Nakhodka, Partizansk) and in the other regions (Komsomolsk-na-Amure, Chita, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk).
The technological processes are not complex. Raw materials are delivered to the cutting workshop, and ready components are sent to sewing shop. Here every seamstress is responsible for her own operation.
In the recent years the production output reduced greatly. In 1994 it was 3,600 units monthly on average. The factory faces significant economic difficulties. There is a possibility of its conversion.
Town's agriculture is mostly milk, vegetable, and gardening oriented. The reason for that is favorable climate and presence of fertile soils and meadows in the flood-lands of the Partizanskaya (Partisan) river and its tributaries.
Of five specialized farms the only State farm is now the "Lazurny" (Azure) enterprise, which is the largest greenhouse complex in Primorye. It produces cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, and other vegetables.
The "Gorny" (Mountain) company produces peeches and peers. The "Yantarny" enterprise grows peeches and apricots. The areas of fruit plantings here reduced significantly, and so did the amount of production output. In Soviet times up to 1,800 tons of fruit were grown, and now the amount is only 350 kg (1,167 lb). The main occupation of the company now is vegetable growing together with the Chinese partners.
On the basis of the "Kazansky" State farm, which had 2,500 ha (6,173 acres) of sown area and 1,500 cows giving 3.5 tons of milk a day, a new "Kazanskoye" collective farm and 93 farms were formed.
The "Kazanskoye" collective farm has 400 ha (988 acres) of sown area and 160 cows giving 300-350 kg (661-771 lb) of milk a day. There is also a piggery. The collective farm grows potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, egg-plants, pepper, cabbage, onion. 30 ha (74 acres) are rented by the Chinese. The farm is not profitable.
All agricultural enterprises are facing significant difficulties. Their technical devices wore out long time ago and were never modernized. Because of the high prices for fertilizers the enterprises are using much less of them now.
Suburban farms cannot fully satisfy the demand of the town population for food products. This is why many townspeople have their own plots and dachas. They are also using markets to buy food imported from the other regions of the contry and from abroad.
The "Lazurny" (Azure) enterprise was founded in 1979. First seedlings started to be grown in April 1980 already. At that time cucumbers, tomatoes, sweet pepper, and greens (fennel, salad, onion) were grown.
The production is being grown in the grenhouses with the total area of 6 ha (15 acres). There is also a specialized seedlings section (with the area of 0.5 ha - 1.2 acres). All greenhouses are connected with corridors.
Every grenhouse is served by ten women. Before planting all seeds are processed in the agricultural chemical laboratory, which analyses the soils during the vegetation period and growth. Then the soils are fertilized. Both organic and mileral fertilizers are being used. Their composition include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, êàðáàìèä, ýïñîëèò, äâîéíîé ñóïåðôîñôàò. It is also calculated here, how much of fertilizers is needed for the whole season.
The greenhouses are supplied with electric power from the Partizanskaya (Partisan) power electric station. The pipes for warm water are heating the soils and supply the greenhouses with water for watering.
On the area of 1 ha (2.5 acres) 26,000 cucumbers, 22,000 tomatoes and sweet pepper are grown. The temperature of the soil is kept at the level of +18-20°C (64-68°F), watering is automated, and certain humidity is maintained. During the nights the temperature in the greenhouses is +16-17°C (61-63°F), and in the daytime it is +22-24°C (72-75°C).
There is a thermal section at the enterprise. It regulates and calculates the amount of heat, light, water, watering frequency, and frequency of adding fertilizers to the cultures. In every greenhouse there is a locksmith and a watering person.
Cucumbers need 60 days to grow since their planting. Cucumbers of the following sorts are grown: "Moskovskiye" (Moscow), "Sentyabrskiye" (September), "Velina", "Aprelskiye" (April) (greenhouse sorts), "Almaz" (Diamond), "TSKh", "Gribovchanka", "Reddo", "Izumrud" (Emerald) (bee-pollinated sorts). The sorts of tomatoes are the following: "Karlson", "Verlioko", "Miledi", "Barynya", "Dotsent" (Senior Lecturer), "Duet".
Seedlings are started to be planted in November, and the harvest is ready in August. For the period of 1994-1995 from the area of 3.5 ha (8.6 acres) there were gathered 567,700 kg (1,250,441 lb) of tomatoes and sweet pepper, from the area of 2 ha (4.9 acres) - 458,700 kg (1,010,352 lb) of cucumbers and 19,700 kg (43,392 lb) of greens.
The administration consists of a director, a chief agronomist, an economist, a chief engineer, a power engineering specialist, a personnel manager, and an accountant.
The enterpise is well-equipped. The production is transported with the pick-ups. Trucks deliver sawdust and kindling from Tigrovy (Tiger) settlement. There are "M-16" tractors, which transport the production, deliver equipment, and take soil out. A "T-150" tractor delivers liquid dung for fertilization.
The enterprise employs 150-160 people. There is an administrative sector, which includes lockers, shower rooms, a warehouse for ready products.
The production is being sold in Partizansk, Nakhodka, Kavalerovo, and in the Magadanskaya Oblast. Before going to the market the production is tested for nitrates concentrations. This concentration never exceeds the allowed limits. The production is ecologically safe.
After the harvesting is over, the remains of the plants are taken out and burnt, then soils are replaced. The enterprise does not pollute environment.
Today the "Lazurny" enterprise faces financial and technological difficulties. Because of the lack of the funds to pay for heating to the Partizanskaya (Partisan) hydro-electric power station the enterprise started to build its own boiler house. The amount of production reduced greatly.
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