BIAS MOTIVATION

RACE:

ANTI-WHITE
Incidents - 1,226
Offenses - 1,551
Victims - 1,554
Known Offenders - 2,032

ANTI-BLACK
Incidents - 2,988
Offenses - 3,805
Victims - 3,945
Known Offenders - 3,099

ANTI-AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKAN NATIVE
Incidents - 41
Offenses - 59
Victims - 59
Known Offenders - 38

ANTI-ASIAN PACIFIC ISLANDER
Incidents - 355
Offenses - 484
Victims - 496
Known Offenders - 380

ANTI-MULTI-RACIAL GROUP
Incidents - 221
Offenses - 311
Victims - 384
Known Offenders - 202

ETHNICITY / NATIONAL ORIGIN:

ANTI-HISPANIC
Incidents - 516
Offenses - 680
Victims - 698
Known Offenders - 685

ANTI-OTHER ETHNICITY/NATIONAL ORIGIN
Incidents - 298
Offenses - 342
Victims - 346
Known Offenders - 273

RELIGION:

ANTI-JEWISH
Incidents - 1,058
Offenses - 1,145
Victims - 1,236
Known Offenders - 350

ANTI-CATHOLIC
Incidents - 31
Offenses - 35
Victims - 53
Known Offenders - 8

ANTI-PROTESTANT
Incidents - 36
Offenses - 47
Victims - 65
Known Offenders - 26

ANTI-ISLAMIC
Incidents - 29
Offenses - 39
Victims - 41
Known Offenders - 26

ANTI-OTHER RELIGIOUS GROUP
Incidents - 102
Offenses - 122
Victims - 196
Known Offenders - 36

ANTI-MULTI-RELIGIOUS GROUP
Incidents - 20
Offenses - 25
Victims - 25
Known Offenders - 4

ANTI-ATHEISM / AGNOSTICISM / ETC.
Incidents - 1
Offenses - 1
Victims - 1
Known Offenders - 1

SEXUAL ORIENTATION:

ANTI-MALE HOMOSEXUAL
Incidents - 735
Offenses - 915
Victims - 937
Known Offenders - 1,031

ANTI-FEMALE HOMOSEXUAL
Incidents - 146
Offenses - 189
Victims - 191
Known Offenders - 131

ANTI-HOMOSEXUAL
Incidents - 103
Offenses - 125
Victims - 182
Known Offenders - 80

ANTI-HETEROSEXUAL
Incidents - 17
Offenses - 19
Victims - 19
Known Offenders - 13

ANTI-BISEXUAL
Incidents - 18
Offenses - 18
Victims - 18
Known Offenders - 18

MULTIPLE BIAS:
Incidents - 6
Offenses - 23
Victims - 23
Known Offenders - 14

The following states have hate crimes laws that provide for
enhanced penalties for hate-motivated offenses, and specifically
include hate-motivated offenses based on sexual orientation: 

California
Connecticut
District of Columbia
Florida
Illinois
Iowa
Maine
Minnesota
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Oregon
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin

The following states have hate crimes laws that provide for
enhanced penalties for hate-motivated offenses, but specifically
do not include sexual orientation in the list of protected
classes of individuals:

Alabama
Alaska
Colorado
Idaho
Maryland
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Tennessee
Virginia
West Virginia

The following states do not have hate crimes laws that enhance
penalties for any kind of hate-motivated offense against a person
(but most do have laws covering institutional vandalism):

Arizona
Arkansas
Delaware
Georgia
Hawaii
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Nebraska
New Mexico
South Carolina
Wyoming

Special Cases:

Massachusetts - The statutes do not expressly cover anti-sexual
orientation crime, but state courts have applied to
anti-gay/lesbian crimes the bias crime statute that provides for
enhanced penalties for serious offenses.  Another statute, which
gives authority to courts to enjoin individuals from harassing a
class of individuals, has been applied to sexual orientation
offenses.  A provision that applies to penalties for
bias-motivated property damage does not, apparently, apply to
sexual orientation offenses.

Texas - Texas' hate crimes law does not specifically mention any
protected class.  It is rarely used because many prosecutors
believe it is unconstitutionally vague.  The Radical Right is
attempting to strip sexual orientation from a model bill pending
in the state legislature. 

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