Subject: Haze/Kalimantan
    The Nation
     Wed, Feb 4, 1998

     Satellite pictures

     reveal 93 'hot spots'

     in Kalimantan

     by JAMES FAHN

     SATELLITE photos of Indonesia have
     revealed the re-emergence of 93 ''hot
     spots'' in Kalimantan, indicating that
     forest fires have been re-kindled and
     are once again emitting haze
     pollution, a Malaysian official said in
     Bangkok Tuesday.

     The smoke is not likely to affect other
     countries, however, as prevailing
     winds are coming from the northeast
     and therefore blowing the haze into
     Indonesian territory, according to
     Yong Pok Wing, deputy director
     general of the Malaysian
     Meteorological Service.

     The head of Indonesia's weather
     service Sri Diharto, who along with
     Yong is in Bangkok to attend a
     conference on ''El Nino Related
     Crises in Asia'', confirmed that ''the
     hot spots are starting up again''.

     ''We are watching the situation but
     there is no money [to counteract it],''
     he said. ''We are praying the current
     hot spots don't send haze to other
     countries again.''

     The fires, some of which are burning
     in underground peat deposits and
     coal seams, have been re-kindled
     following more than two months of
     prolonged drought in Kalimantan,
     Agence France-Presse reported
     Tuesday, adding that visibility on
     Monday had been reduced to less
     than one kilometre.

     The severe drought in Indonesia, and
     throughout much of Southeast Asia,
     is widely believed to be a result of the
     strong El Nino event currently taking
     place.

     Malaysian meteorologists now
     suspect that the large-scale haze
     crisis which occurred last year may
     have caused a reduction in rainfall in
     parts of Malaysia, Yong added.

     It is generally believed that a delay in
     the onset of the rains caused by El
     Nino exacerbated the haze
     phenomenon, but Yong speculated
     that the reverse might also be true --
     the haze could have blocked
     convective activity which causes rain
     to fall -- forming a kind of vicious
     circle.

     Yong presented data which showed
     that between July and October, when
     the haze was at its strongest, rainfall
     in many parts of Malaysia was well
     below normal. In Malacca, for
     instance, which is not usually
     heavily-affected by El Nino,
     precipitation over the four-month
     period was roughly half of average
     levels.

     ''The haze blocks solar radiation, so
     there is less evaporation of ground
     moisture to move up and form rain
     clouds,'' Yong explained. ''It also
     causes the atmosphere to heat up, so
     that it isn't cool enough to condense
     any moisture which has evaporated
     into water.''

     Malaysia's Minister of Information
     Mohammed bin Rahmat, expressed
     concern about the reports of renewed
     fires in Kalimantan. ''The only thing
     we can do is more cloud seeding,'' he
     suggested.

     Rahmat, who spoke at the
     conference on the need for
     cooperation in coping with disasters,
     also defended the Malaysian
     government's order last year which
     forbade academics from speaking out
     on the haze.

     ''It was not a question of trying to
     suppress opinion. That was a critical
     time, there were all kinds of
     statements coming out and we had
     spent a lot of money on trying to fight
     the haze,'' he said. ''We never gagged
     the press but we want people to be
     responsible.''

     ''Some people would like to put the
     blame on certain parties, but it was
     not a question of who's responsible.
     It's better to say, 'let's all be
     responsible together','' Rahmat
     explained.

     ''Both [Malaysia and Indonesia] have
     learned a very bitter lesson from that
     episode. We have to make sure the
     laws against open burning are
     enforced,'' he added. ''We have also
     talked to the Malaysian companies
     which were involved.''

     Rahmat said that Malaysia and
     Indonesia had agreed on a bilateral
     memorandum of understanding to
     handle all types of disasters. Even
     better, he said, was a multilateral
     plan devised by Asean to fight the
     forest fires and haze pollution.
     However, negotiations were still
     continuing on how to fund the plan.
 
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