Subject: editorial: Kaeng Sua Ten
The Nation
editorial
Friday, November 29, 1996

Shadow of violence looms over Phrae province

   The monsoon rains have left the skies over Phrae for this year, only
   to be replaced by a different rumble of storm clouds, portending a
   coming season of violence.

   That is the ominous trend of events set in motion by a most shameful
   act: the Banharn Cabinet's resolution giving a green light for the
   Kaeng Sua Ten Dam, passed well after Banharn and his cronies lost the
   election and without waiting for the National Environment Board (NEB)
   to review the project, as required by law. The ensuing actions and
   reactions of dam supporters and opponents have threatened to spiral
   out of control.

   Villagers who are threatened with displacement by the dam are upset
   that the decision to go ahead with the project was made without
   consulting them and despite promises of full public participation.
   Environmentalists around the country are equally upset because the
   Cabinet resolution was passed without even waiting for studies
   examining the social and ecological impacts of the dam to be
   completed.

   Ever since the Cabinet resolution was passed, Deputy Prime Minister
   Samak Sundaravej and Science Minister Yingphan Manasikarn have tried
   to backtrack, claiming the Cabinet only ordered the Royal Irrigation
   Department to design the dam, not to construct it. But critics point
   out that designing a project does not require Cabinet approval.

   Clearly the fix is in. Vested interests have been drooling for years
   over the logging and construction contracts which the dam will
   provide, but they have been held back by public opposition to a
   project which will flood a national park containing Thailand's
   richest remaining teak forest.

   So in an act of supreme cowardice, Banharn Silapa-archa and his lame
   duck Cabinet approved the dam without any warning or any
   transparency,  without even knowing how much the dam will cost. They have
   committed violence against the law, and should be held responsible if there is
   any violence on the ground.

   Emotions are running high and if past experience is any guide, it is
   only a matter of time before the conflict breaks out into physical
   confrontation. Anti-dam villagers ­ fearing they are targets for
   assassination by vested interests who stand to benefit from the dam ­
   have set up patrols to keep a watch out for suspicious strangers.
   Meanwhile, pro-dam mobs are being formed and can easily be whipped
   into a frenzy to attack anti-dam villagers, as happened at Pak Mool.

   More recently, we have seen local community leaders ­ Prawien Boonnak
   in Loei, Thong-in Kaewwattha in Rayong, and Jun Boonkoonpot in
   Chaiyaphum ­ gunned down because of their opposition to development
   projects sponsored by influential groups. Phrae is already notorious
   for its gunmen. Its newly elected Democrat MP was driven to tears by
   the threats made against her supporters during the election campaign.

   The first priority for both sides in this struggle, therefore, should
   be to calm everyone down and ensure that the issues are discussed
   peacefully and fairly. The principles of non-violence must be
    followed strictly by both sides.

   Meanwhile, new prime minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh should clarify
    his  position on the project as soon as possible. He would be well advised
   to renounce the Banharn's Cabinet resolution in public, and affirm
   that no decision will be made on the dam project until the NEB has
   reviewed the ongoing studies.

   With Samak and Yingphan back in charge of the environment ­ the
   proverbial foxes guarding the chicken coop ­ there is little chance
   that the NEB will be able to make a fair judgement. But at least we
   could believe that we are ruled by law and not just by money.

   In the final analysis, everything depends on Chavalit. Kaeng Sua Ten
   will mark the first real test of whether he will act as a prime
   minister for vested interests, or a premier for the people.
 

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