Subject: Kennedy
The Nation
Sunday, October 13, 1996

Robert Kennedy Jr: A child of the American wilderness

   He looks like a Kennedy. He talks like a Kennedy. He acts like a
   Kennedy. And yet, Robert F Kennedy Jr is one of those Kennedys you
   don't hear too much about.

   ''When I was little, everywhere I went people said, 'Oh, you're
   Bobby's son, you're Ted's nephew or Jack's nephew," recalls the son of
   the former US attorney general. ''Now I speak at a lot of colleges.
   It's a younger audience, and so they often say, 'Oh, you're Arnold's
   cousin," a reference to Arnold Schwarzennegger, who married his cousin
   Maria Shriver.

   Far more well-known is his cousin John F Kennedy Jr, the dashing son
   of the former president and the publisher of George, a new political
   magazine, who recently made front-page news and broke many a woman's
   heart by getting married.

   But if Kennedy (Robert, that is) has a chip on his shoulder, it
   doesn't show; perhaps because he has chosen his lot, and seems content
   with it.

   And to be sure, in certain circles - environmental ones, to be precise
   - he is very well known indeed. One of America's foremost
   environmental advocates, he is extremely active in the northeastern
   US, and increasingly further afield.

   The first question that has to be asked is the most obvious one: Why
   doesn't he go into politics, where he could have even more impact than
   he does now as a lawyer fighting in the courts?

   No doubt there are many reasons, but his answer is simple: ''I like my
   job," he said on a recent trip to Bangkok.

   Kennedy was appalled by the condition of Thailand's environment. While
   being driven around Bangkok's traffic-clogged streets, one of the
   first things he noticed was that many pedestrians wore masks to try
   and filter out the air pollution.

   Asked for his impressions, Kennedy pulled no punches. Thailand had
   followed the bad example of many Western countries in ''liquidating
   its natural resources to turn them into cash". The difference is that
   in the US, starting on Earth Day in 1970, people took to the streets
   in outrage. This led to the passage of 19 federal statutes which
   ''have succeeded in protecting large chunks of the American
   environment".

   This process is just beginning in Thailand, and Kennedy is not content
   to wait it out. Instead, he and a group of US environmentalists have
   set up a ''Shrimp Tribunal", which has succeeded in placing an embargo
   on all shrimp imports from countries with destructive shrimping
   industries. Thailand, he added, is the ''principle target" of this move.

   Kennedy was not in the best of shape during his visit. Battling to
   overcome a recent bout of pneumonia, and perhaps a bit of jet lag, his
   voice would often crack, forcing him to cough and pause while he
   recovered his composure.

   Nevertheless, on Monday he managed to give a rousing, hour-long,
   off-the-cuff speech on just why it is so important to protect our
   environment. His breadth of knowledge, eloquent delivery and youthful,
   lean good looks so entranced the audience - a group of travel agents
   from the US - that they responded with a standing ovation at the end.

   It was a case of pure Camelot.

   But there is more to Kennedy than just being a Kennedy. As he recounts
   stories from his youth, it becomes clear that he has long been a
   passionate outdoorsman. One of his favourite pastimes is hunting on
   his estate in Westchester, New York - with trained hawks.

   ''I've trained hawks since I was 11 years old," he explains. ''When my
   uncle was in the White House, I could walk up Pennsylvania Avenue and
   see an Adam's Peregrine Falcon, the most beautiful predatory bird that
   we have in America.

   ''[There were] two of them nesting at the old post office, they would
   come down Pennsylvania Avenue and kill pigeons 40 feet [12 metres]
   above the heads of the pedestrians, and very few people saw it, except
   for me and a few falconers.

   ''That bird went extinct the next year, because of DDT poisoning. My
   children will never be able to see that bird." DDT is an insecticide
   still sprayed in rural areas of Thailand to kill mosquitoes.

   The irretrievable loss of species, and the implications of this for
   future generations, is an enduring theme of Kennedy's speech, and
   perhaps his life. Even in his private moments, Kennedy often draws a
   connection between his love for his children and his love for nature
   in all its bizarre and wondrous forms.

   Last Sunday, for instance, he visited the Weekend Market, where he
   waded through the crowds, seeking out new acquisitions for some
   unusual hobbies. Wherever he travels, he picks up local specimens for
   his children's insect collection (he bought a scorpion), and for his
   bone collection (the tongue of an Indian ray and a long-horned buffalo
   skull are new additions to his lifeless menagerie).

   ''I've collected bones since I was young," he explained
   enthusiastically, while waiting for his purchases to be wrapped. ''If
   my kids and I are in the car and we see a dead animal by the side of
   the road that we don't have, we get out, cut its head off and take it home.

   ''Then, to clean off the skin and tissue, I stick it in a jar of
   dermistead beetles, which do a very efficient job of eating off all
   the flesh. It usually takes about six weeks. Finally I put it in the
   dishwasher, and it comes out looking just great."

   Talk about skeletons in the closet - even Teddy couldn't match that.

   As for his professional life, Kennedy is best known for his fight to
   clean up the Hudson River and protect New York City's water supply - a
   battle which could set a precedent in the campaign to clean up rivers
   like the Chao Phya.

   As chief prosecuting attorney for the Hudson Riverkeeper, a New
   York-based environmental organisation, he represents a group of
   small-scale fishermen trying to survive the onslaught of modernity.
   Meanwhile, he teaches at Pace University Law School in New York, where
   his students have been given special permission to practice law under
   his supervision as if they were professional attorneys.

   ''The fishermen run a patrol boat up and down the river finding
   polluters, and at the beginning of the semester, we give each of the
   students a polluter to prosecute. They file complaints, they go to
   court, they argue the case.

   ''Of course, if they don't win the case, they don't pass the course,"
   he quips, laughing.

   ''We've fought [more than] 100 successful cases over polluters in 13
   years. We've forced polluters to spend US$200 million [Bt5 billion]
   doing remediation on the Hudson, and today the Hudson, partly as a
   result of our work, is one of the richest water bodies in the world."

   As senior attorney for the Natural Resources Defence Council, he has
   worked on issues all over the world, from the battle to save the
   Bio-Bio River in Chile to Clayoquot Sound in Canada. But it hasn't
   always worked out happily for him. His efforts to mediate in a dispute
   between natives in Ecuador and an American oil company led to
   accusations of ''environmental imperialism".

   Kennedy still winces at the memory of the controversial deal: ''I
   still have a lot of scars left over from that one," he says quietly.

   In his speech, Kennedy highlighted many of the the themes echoed by
   environmentalists around the world: Good environmental policy is also
   good economic policy; investing in the environment is as important as
   investing in infrastructure; industrial pollution is in fact a public
   subsidy for businesses.

   But the most interesting part of the talk was when he highlighted the
   spiritual connections between humans and their surroundings. Much of
   our language and many of our myths are derived from our links to
   nature, he noted.

   ''It is a connection recognised by spiritual leaders throughout time,"
   but is especially strong in America, whose culture and politics were
   defined by a fascination with the frontier and a love for wilderness.

   ''America's first great author [John Fenimore Cooper, whose
   Leatherstocking Tales told the story of Natty Bumppo], a child of
   the American wilderness, who had all the virtues that people thought
   the wilderness gives to you," said Kennedy.

   And that may be who Kennedy himself, a child of Camelot, aspires to
   be: a hero of the American wilderness. ''I love my job, and I love
   going to court, and I love going out on the river and I love fighting
   against the bad guys," he declares quite openly.

   ''What does it say about us as a generation when half the species on
   the planet go extinct in our lifetime? For students entering college,
   that's what they will see by the time they reach retirement age ­ if
   trends continue."

   And just maybe, when those future generations look back on our time,
   the people they pick out as heroes won't be the celebrities of today,
   but rather those like Kennedy ­ Robert Jr ­ who fought to save all the
   creatures of creation.
 
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