Quantum nonlocality, stellar evolution and the integrity of the UniversePavel B. Ivanov
28 Sep 1998 Quarks and leptons could be suggested to be nonlocal objects, forming collective phenomena as physical observables. Thus, in the simplest case, a lepton cannot exist on itself, without being connected to an anti-lepton of the same kind. The two particles are born together, and they remain connected during all of their lifetime. This connection could be pictured as a kind of string between the two particles, which may have its own oscilation modes, that get readily associated with gauge fields. In more complex cases, there may be ensembles of many particles, with many connecting "strings", and a number of proper "oscillation modes". Normally, the connection established between the particles at their collective creation is conserved ever after, just because the relative velocities of the particles can never be greater than the speed of light. However, one could also consider essential nonlocality, when the correllations between the particles get established through space-like intervals due to specifically quantum effects, as described by the Bell theorems. The connecting "strings" would be purely virtual in this case, so that the particles thus connected and the oscillation modes of the "strings" (gauge fields) would be not observable on themselves, as it possibly occurs to quarks and gluons. The quantum connections of this type could be responsible for the processes of macro-evolution in the Universe. Thus, one might think that the deep cores of the stars should be made of much more correlated matter than in the normal, relatively disperse forms, that can be observed in the outer shells of the stars and in the outer space (including planets). Within the stars, elementary particles do not form in the usual way, much like atomic nuclea cannot be said to be composed of protons and neutrons, but rather a complex superposition of the both; in quantum chromodynamics, a nucleus is treated as one extra-heavy elementary particle, a collective state of many quarks and gluons. However, if the quarks of the stellar core are connected to the quarks in the cores of other stars by virtual "strings", the processes in distant stars can be synchronized, the evolution of one star thus being dependent on the other. The collective oscillation modes of such "macro-strings" could influence the evolution of individual stars as well. There may be different forms of evolutional synchronicity. The most evident manifestations would be those of correlated periodic processes (say, correlated pulsars). On a larger scale, the phases of stellar evolution may be controlled by the states of the neighboring stars, or even the macro-state of the Universe as a whole. Also, the regularities of stellar distribution in space could be explained in that way, including the origin of galaxies. In any case, the picture of the stars connected by virtual "strings" and developing in sync provides more room for theorizing than a simplistic picture of randomly scattered stars evolving on their own. A fundamental corollary from the concept of interconnected Universe is that the development of the Universe must be correlated on all the levels, up to life and reason. The appearance of life in some part of the Universe is in no way random, being prepared by the processes of macro-evolution. In the same way, life developed to the level of consciousness must be a manifestation of the integrity of the Universe too. Moreover, the very ability of reason to grasp phenomena incomparable in scale to the existence of the bodies effectuating a specific form of reason might be attributed to quantum connections between very distant parts of the world, consciousness being just a higher-level form of collective motion, a kind of eigenstate of a "super-string" connecting the Universe into an integrity.
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