1. There is only one definite article, la, which is invariable. There is no indifinite article.
2. Nouns are formed by adding ’Äúo’Äù to the root. Plurals are formed by adding ’Äúj.’Äù There are two cases, nomative and accusative. The accusative is formed by adding ’Äún’Äù to the nomative. All other cases are formed by the use of prepositions.
3. Adjectives are formed by adding ’Äúa’Äù to the root. They agree in case and number with the noun they qualify. The plural and accusative are formed as with the noun.
4. Cardinal numerals do not vary for case.
5. The personal pronouns are mi, vi, li, ‘©i, ’àëi, si, ni, ili and oni. Possessive pronouns are formed by adding ’Äúa’Äù to these, e.g., mia, via, lia, ‘©ia etc.
6. Verbs do not vary by person or number. Verb endings and participal formatives are perfectly regular.
7. Adverbs are formed by adding ’Äúe’Äù to the root.
8. Prepositions govern the nomitative.
9. Every word is pronounced as it is spelled.
10. The accent is always on the next ot last syllable.
11. Compound words are formed by the joining of roots and endings; with the most important coming last.
12. There is no multiple negation.
13. To show motion towards, nouns take the accusative.
14. Each preposition has a definite meaning. The general preposition, je, is used when no other preposition fits the sense. alternatively, the accusitive can be used in place of any preposition.
15. International words can become Esperanto words by conforming to Esperanto spelling and grammar.
16. The ’Äúa’Äù of ’Äúla’Äù and the final ’Äúo’Äù of nouns may be dropped and replaced by an apostrophe. This convention is usually reserved for poetry and music etc.
