SUNTONISTIKH EPITROPH SULLOGWN THS GRAIKIA SALENTINA

Parousiash tou Coordinamento Associazioni della Grecia Salentina (Suntonistikh Epitroph Sullogwn thV Graikia Salentina) sth Sternatia (Lecce), sthn kardia thV GRECIA SALENTINA.

Auth h parousiash ajierwnetai sthn Terra d'Otranto, perioch pou kapote anhke sthn Anatolikh Rwmaikh Autokratoria.

 Sto Salento einai poluariqmeV oi marturieV autou tou endoxou parelqontoV (kataloipa orqodoxwn monasthriwn, buzantinwn ekklhsiwn kai egkataleleimmenwn agrotikwn oikismwn, topwnumia, eortasmoi, coroi, tragoudia opwV kai mia eurutath logotecnikh paragwgh). Uparcoun epishV ta erga tou megalou oumanisth Antonio De Ferraris, eponomazomenon il Galateo (Galatone, 1448-1517), metaxu twn opoiwn xecwrizei to «De Situ Japygiae» opwV epishV kai ola auta pou maV dihgeitai gia thn oikogeneia tou, pou milouse thn ellhnikh glwssa, eice ellhnikh morjwsh kai throuse thn Ellhnorqodoxh qrhskeia (deV: Codice Liturgico Galatone n. 3 foto a, foto b, foto c).

H Ellhnorqodoxh qrhskeia malista, pou shmera s' auta ta merh ecei peripou entelwV xecastei alla pou thn epoch thV buzantinhV kuriarciaV apotelouse ton kanona sth Terra d'Otranto. Oi logoi tou telouV authV thV paradoshV prepei na apodoqoun sthn hgemonikh politikh pou askhse h Kaqolikh ekklhsia apo thn epoch thV NormandikhV katakthshV thV ApouliaV me ton Roberto il Guiscardo (1071), sthn ptwsh thV KwnstantinoupolhV (1453), sth diakoph twn epikoinwniwn me ta politistika kai qrhskeutika kentra thV AnatolhV, sthn epidromh twn Tourkwn sto Otranto kai sto Salento (1480), me thn epakolouqh katastrojh tou shmantikoterou ellhno-salentinou monasthriou, SAN NICOLA DI CASOLE. Auto to koinobio, mazi me ola ta alla pou anhkan sto tagma tou Agiou Basiliou tou Megalou kai briskontan sth salentinh cersonhso (htan sunolika 34) askouse enan basiko rolo oci mono qrhskeutiko alla kuriwV politistiko, carh sthn parousia miaV idiaitera plousiaV biblioqhkhV (ta diaswqenta ceirograja thV opoiaV diathrountai shmera stiV poleiV Torino, Flwrentia, Napoli, Benetia, Batikano, Parisi, Londino, Berolino). Sto eswteriko tou uphrce ena scoleio, anoicto s' opoion hqele na melethsei ta Ellhnika arcaia grammata alla kai ta Latinika. "Htan auth h koultoura pou apotelese thn pragmatikh phgh thV diathrhshV twn axiwn tou klasikismou enantia stiV epiqeseiV twn barbarwn, to jutwrio thV uyhloterhV pneumatikhV anaptuxhV gia to cristianismo. CwriV auth den qa mporouse na exhghqei h qaumasia politistikh exaplwsh thV normandikhV-sbebikhV epochV" (Metajrash apo G. Gianfreda, «Il Monachesimo Italo-Greco in Otranto», Lecce, Edizioni del Grifo, 1994, sel. 157).

H ekstrateia twn Normandwn sthn Apoulia nomimopoihqhke apo th sunqhkh tou Melji (1059) me ton Papa Nikolao B', pou hqele na qesei upo ton papiko elegco auta ta edajh pou briskontan se perioch sunorwn. To gegonoV oti to Ellhnorqodoxo dogma, oi ekklhsieV kai oi EllhneV papadeV epibiwsan se megalo tmhma tou Salento mecri kai meta th Sunodo tou Trento (1563) se sumbiwsh me to rwmaiko-kaqoliko dogma, ojeiletai arcika sto politiko scediasmo twn Normandwn pou skopeue na empodisei mia endecomenh buzantinh epistrojh.

Oi Normandoi endiajerontan na ejarmosoun to jeoudarciko susthma kai na egkatasthsoun th latinikh episkopikh ierarcia. Oson ajora ta upoloipa, econtaV san stoco thn epiteuxh thV koinwnikhV epidokimasiaV, htan asumjoro na katarghsoun th Buzantinh leitourgia kai na kaqierwsoun ena monadiko dogma, pragma exallou duskolo na pragmatopoihqei s' enan topo opou o laoV milouse kata to pleiston thn Ellhnikh Glwssa.

H Ellhnojwnh perioch tou Salento htan kapote polu ektetamenh: perielambane eikosi pente cwria. H arcikh diglwssh sunqesh thV koinothtaV thV Terra d'Otranto anagnwristhke hdh polleV joreV. H pleionothta twn cwriwn, moliV ta buzantina strateumata me olh th scetikh grajeiokratikh kai dioikhtikh organwsh egkateleiyan thn oloklhrh perioch tou Salento, perase apo th crhsh thV ellhnikhV glwssaV sth crhsh twn latinikwn oson ajora to uyhlo susthma thV koinwnikhV epikoinwniaV.

Shmera auth h perioch - gnwsth me to onoma Grecia Salentina - apoteleitai apo touV exhV ennia dhmouV: Calimera, Castrignano dei Greci, Corigliano d'Otranto, Martano, Martignano, Melpignano, Soleto, Sternatia, Zollino. S' auteV tiV perioceV ena meroV twn katoikwn ekjrazetai akoma sto Grhko, thn Ellhno-salentinh glwssa pou plhsiazei polu sth sugcronh ellhnikh (Dhmotikh) kai pou sthn Italia ecei analogieV me th dialekto thV periochV tou Bova sthn Eparcia tou Reggio Calabria.

Auto to shmantiko glwssiko jainomeno katagrajhke kai melethqhke sto parelqon apo to diakekrimeno germano glwssologo Prof. Gerhard Rohlfs. Apo to 1921 pragmatopoihse shmantikeV meleteV sth Grecia Salentina diatupwnontaV th upoqesh, pou sthrixe se akribh epiceirhmata, pwV oi sugcroneV neoellhnikeV dialektoi tou Salento kai thV Bova, uphrxan h jusikh exelixh thV glwssaV pou miliotan s' ekeina ta merh thn epoch thV MegalhV ElladaV - opwV sumjwnoun o Domenicano Tondi (deV: Grhko keimeno) kai o KaqhghthV Sicuro. Alloi episthmoneV, o Morosi, o Parlangeli, o Stomeo, o Aprile, uposthrixan antiqeta pwV ta Grhka einai mia glwssa kaqara buzantinhV proeleushV pou diajoropoieitai ousiastika apo ta arcaia ellhnika, pwV sumbainei anamesa sthn italikh glwssa kai ta latinika.