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     The historical context of this poem is situated during the middle of the Fifth Century A.D., in Alexandria, Egypt. This essay will eventually discuss the power politics going on between the changing imperial power and the burgeoning power of the Christians, both at the local level and the geo-political level. The consequences of religious power politics are alive today. In May 1973, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria visited His Holiness Pope Paul VI of Rome. Their Common Declaration says:

        "We confess that our Lord and God and Savior and King of us all, Jesus Christ, is perfect God with respect to His divinity, perfect man with respect to his humanity. In Him His divinity is united with His humanity in a real, perfect union without mingling, without commixtion, without confusion, without alteration, without division, without separation."

     After fifteen centuries, the two prelates declared a common faith in the nature of Christ, the issue which caused the schism of the Church in the Council of Chalcedon. Restoration of the Communion with the other non-Chalcedonian Orthodox Churches is in consultation.

The following historical personages were contemporary with Nonnos, arbitrarily set between 400 - 476 A.D.

Roman Emperors:

Popes:

St. Innocent  (401 -- 417)

St. Zosimus   (417 -- 418)

St.  Boniface I    (418 -- 422)

St.  Celestine I    (422 -- 432)

St. Sixtus III     (432 -- 440)

St.  Leo I     (440 -- 461)

St. Hilary     (461 -- 468)

Simplicius    (468  -- 483)

Other Civil Personages:

Other Religious Personages:

Abbot  Shenouda

Cyril of  Alexandria

St. Jerome

St. Augustine

 The following particularly important events occurred during the Fifth Century:

  • 400 -- 600:    Era of "aggressive forgeries" in Christian Texts  (Grant, J.T.S., 1960)
  • 400? :      Pericope of the Adulteress, John 7:53 -- 8:11 added to the Bible (this episode does not appear in Nonnos)
  • 401--417:     Pope Innocent I decrees Roman custom the norm for Christianity
  • 401:     Visigoths invade Italy
  • 410:     Alaric, king of Visigoths, sacks Rome
  • 415:     Bishop Cyril of Alexandria expels Jews, kills Hypatia with oyster shells
  • 416:     Visigoths take Spain
  • 418:     Franks take Gaul
  • 430:      St. Augustine writes City of God
  • 431:     Council of Ephesus decrees Mary Mother of God, Theotokos
  • 431:     Syrian Christianity splits into East (Nestorian) and West (Jacobites)
  • 433 -- 453:  Attila the Hun, the Scourge of God
  • 439:     Codex Theodosianus
  • 451:     Council of Chalcedon: declared Jesus is 2 natures, human and divine, in one
  • 451:     Nestorius of Constantinople, Mary was not the mother of God
  • 454:     Monophysites: Jesus was divine but not human
  • 455:     Vandals sack Rome
  • 457 -- 474:   Pope Leo I becomes emperor of the remaining, Eastern Roman empire
  • 476:     Official end of Western Roman Empire: Emperor Romulus Agustulus resigns

Interesting Links:

Paraphrase of the Gospel of John by Nonnos of Panopolis

Translated from the Greek by M.A. Prost

tonyprost@aol.com

Copyright © M.A. Prost, 1999

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