Verb Page 2
ordine de argumentu (index):
su congiuntivu (the subjunctive)
condiscionale (conditional)
s'imperativu (the imperative)
modos indefinidos (indetermined modes)
infinidu (infinitive)
participiu (participium)
gerundiu (gerundium)

Verb Page 3: Ausiliares (auxiliary verbs)

The subjunctive is used when the event that the verb expresses is neither sure nor real. We are talking about a possible happening, something uncertain, not real, a wish, something feared, etc.

The present subjunctive is used to indicate an event that is considered possible in the present with the value of a hypothesis or of doubt.
Examples:

Chi sian cue? Anda e isperia! (Would they already be here? Go and have a look!)(That they-would-be here? Go and look!)

Chi eo l'appa o non l'appa, pagu impoltada. (Wether I have it or not does not matter so much)(That I it-would-have or not it-would-have, little matters)

No isco si cheret chi ande, m'est parfidu curiosu! (I do not know if he wants me to go, he seemed strange to me!)(Not I-know if he-want that I-would-go, to-me he-seemed strange!)

Conjunctive in the imperfect is used when you talk about an event  that you fear will not come true, that you wish will come true or which is only an hypothesis.

Si l'aeret in manu isse! (If only it was in his hands)(If it he-would-have-had in hand he!)

Si faedderet con megus est menzus. (It would have been better if he would have spoken to me)(If he-would-have-spoken with me it-is better)

Si capiteret de andare gia ti lu fatto ischire. (If I happen to go there I will let you know)(If I-would-have-happened to go already to-you it I-let know)

Si m'aeret de chirchare narali chi non che so. (If he should look for me tell him that I am not there)(If to-me he-would-have-had  to search tell-him that not there I-am)

Mancu chi l'aeret in manu! (As if it was in his power!)(Not-even that it he-would-have-had in hand!)

The past perfect subjunctive is used to indicate a possibility or a doubt referred to the past in the form of a question or when accounting for a fact.

Chi appan appidu calchi 'strobu? (That they (should) have had some misunderstanding?)

Non lo poto creere chi sias istadu inie chena fagher nudda. (I cannot believe that you (should) have been standing there without doing anything)(Not it I-can believe that you-should-be been there without to do nothing)

It is used in order to express a wish that did not come true or a hypothesis that refers to the past. (In English sometimes expressed by "if only..." added to the pluperfect indicative.)

L'aere giamadu per tempus! (If only you had called in time!)

Aeres fattu cun calma! (If only you had been calm!)

Aia faeddadu pius pianu si aere ischidu chi fist drommidu. (I would have spoken softly if I had know you were sleeping)
 
 

The conditional in the simple proposition is used in the hortative or to express a hypothetical desire.

The present contitional in Sardinianis a composed verb: the auxiliary devere (shall/will) or aere (to have) with the imperfect indicative and the infinitive of the verb to be conjugated.

The auxiliary aere is followed by the prepositions a or de and the infinitive.
Examples:

Eo dia andare (I would go)(I should go) NOTE: in English "I should go" would have to be followed by eg. "but I did not", in order to express the conditional mode.

Eo aia de andare (I would go)(I had of/from go)

Tue dias andare (You would go)

Tue aias de andare

Si dias andare non fit menzus! (If you should go it would be no better!)(If you-should go not it-was better)

Si aias de andare non fit menzus!

Dia istare innoghe cun piaghere, lassendemiche. (I would be my pleasure to stay here, if they would let me. (I-should stay here with pleasure, letting-me-that)

The past conditional in Sardinian is composed by the present indicative of the auxiliarys devere (shall/will) or aere (to have), the infinitive of the auxiliaries aere or essere (to be) and the past participle of the verb to conjugate. The past conditional is used for simple propositions in the optative with reference to the past.

Dia essere istadu (I would have been)

Àia a esser istadu (I would have been)(I-had to be been)

Dias aer' finidu (I would have finished [it])

Aias de aer' finidu (You would have finished [it])

Si diamus esser bennidos dae prima tottu custu burdellu non fit capitadu. (Had we come earlier, this whole mess would not have happened.)(If we-had been come from before all this mess not had happened.)

Chi dias àer finidu su trabagliu dae deris sero l'aias nadu, ma non l'as finidu. (You said that you would have finished the work yesterday evening, but you have not finished it.)(That you-would have finished the work from yesterday evening it you-had said, but not it you-have finished.)

Note that in the Logudorese Sardinian, the pluperfect and the present subjunctive in the function of conditional are slowly replacing the use of the past conditional.

Si fimus bennidos dae prima tottu custu burdellu non fit capitadu. (If we had come... etc.)

Chi aias finidu su trabagliu dae deris sero, l'aias nadu, ma non l'as finidu. (That you had finished... etc.)

The imperative is the verbal mode used to express eg. an order, a proposition, an invitation, a prohibition.
In Sardinian, the imperative distinguish between the singular and the plural.

The imperative future in Sardinian is composed by the indicative present of the auxiliary verb aere (to have) and the preposition a (to) and the infinitive of the verb that is to be conjugated.

As a essere, as a finire, as a faeddare (you will be, you will finish, you will talk)

As a finire cando as tempus. (You will finish sooner or later.)(You-have to finish when you-have time). NOTE: "have to" does not equal the English expression "to have to".

As a faeddare si no as perdidu sa limba. (You will talk if you have not lost your toungue.)(You-have to talk if not you-have lost the language.)
 
 

The infinitive has two verbal tenses; the present and the past.
The infinitive expresses the significans of the verb. In Sardinian, it is used, other than for the composition of independent propositions, also for the construction of a verbal time:

Future, with the present infinitive
Appo a bessire (I shall go out)(I-have to go-out)

Present conditional, with the present infinitive
Dio narrere (I shall say)

Future perfect, with the present infinitive of the auxiliary verb
At a esser tuccadu (He will have left)(He-has to be left)
At 'aer manigadu (He will have eaten)(He-has to have eaten)

Past conditional, with the present infinitive of the auxiliary verb (or with the past infinitive of the conjugated verb)

Dio aere domadu ???
Dias essere istadu (You should have been)(You-shall be been)

Future imperative, with the present infinitive
As a faeddare (You will speak)(You-have to speak)
 
 

The present participium is only emerging with the value of an adjective or of a noun.

Tribagliante, balente, bastante (working/ "of work", valuing/ "of value", "of sufficiency")

Fit bastante solu a isse. (He had enough in himself.)(He-was of sufficiency only to himself.)
 
 

The past participium is usually connected to the auxiliary verbs aere (to have)  and essere (to be). With the forms of these verbs, it builds the composed tenses.
With the verb essere, the participle is concording with the gender and with the singular or plural of the noun it is referring to.
Examples:

Bi so andandu ma issos non bi fin pius. (I went there, but they where no longer there.)(There I-am gone but they not there where anymore.)

Issa fit andada a su cinema. (She had gone to the cinema.)

Dae poi non bi sezis pius andados, beru? (But you never went there afterwards, right?)(From then not there you-were [pl.] anymore gone, true?)

With the verb aere (to have) the participle as a general rule remains unaltered.
Examples:

A cust'ora dio aer appidu famine si non aere merendadu. (At this hour I would have been hungry if I had not eaten.)(At this hour I have had hunger if not I have eaten.) NOTE: the verbal mode is here in the indicative.

A cust'ora diazis aer appidu famine si non aiazis merendadu. (At this hour you would have been hungry, had you not eaten.)(At this hour you-would-have have had hunger if not you-would-have eaten.) NOTE: the verbal mode is here in the subjunctive.

The gerundium is used in several ways:
The way in wich you act to complete an action. Example:

Si ch'est andadu pianghende. (He went away crying.)(Himself from-there is gone crying.)

The means you use for an action. Example:

S'imparat solu fattende. (You only learn by doing.)(You-learn only doing.) NOTE: "si" corresponds the impersonal "you" in this example.

The occation or the circumstances in which the action is happening. Example:

Bessende dae domo imbico sempre a Bustianu. (Going out, I always meet Sebastian.)(Going-out from home I-meet always to Sebastian.)

The cause that determines the action. Example:

Essende malaidu s'est istadu in su lettu. (Being ill, he stayed in bed.)(Being ill [to-himself] he-is been in the bed.)

The necessary condition that should verify itself in a coming event. Example:

Torrende a comintzare dae nou lu dia fagher menzus. (Starting over, I should be able to do it better.)(Returning to start from new it I-should do better.)

The gerundium is also used in the construction of the periphratic phrases after the present and the imperfect indicative of the auxiliary verb essere. Examples:

Est movende como dae domo. (He is now moving out from his house.)(He-is moving now from home.)

So andende a cugumeddare. (I am about to go and collect mushrooms.)(I-am going to mushroom-collect.)

Sometimes the auxiliary verb is omitted. This happens in the familiar speach, when eg. two neighbours meet as they return home: Ghirande? Ghirande! (Reentering? reentering!)

The same use of gerundium is also seen in simple questions: Chirchende? Aisettende? Istudiende? Fuende? (Searching? Waiting? Studying? Escaping?)