External Anatomy

Vulva (VUL-vuh)
The vulva is a collective term used to describe the visible external genital organs, extending from the mons pubis  to the perineum.

Mons pubis (Mahns PEW-bis)
The mons pubis is the fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone. After puberty, it is covered with thick hair that serves to protect the genitals from moisture.

Labia majora (LAY-be-uh MUH-jo-ruh)
Labia majora means "large lips" in Latin. The labia majora are the large, outer lips of the vulva that extend from the mons pubis down either side of the vulva. They are covered by pubic hair and contain fatty tissue under the skin.

Labia minora (LAY-be-uh My-NOR-uh)
The labia minora are the smaller, fleshy inner lips of the vulva that are inside the labia majora and closer to the vaginal opening. They are not covered by pubic hair. The size of the labia minora will change as girls develop through puberty and as women go through menopause.

Clitoris (CLIT-or-is)
The clitoris is a small, firm, rounded organ at the top of the vulva, just above the urethra, that measures about 1/4 of an inch. The clitoris is an important organ for female sexual responsiveness. It is composed of erectile tissue and blood vessels. The clitoris is derived from the same developing tissue that eventually becomes a penis in a little boy.

Skene's glands
The skene's glands cannot be seen because they are under skin. These glands empty through tiny openings that are on either side of the urethra. The purpose of these two glands is unknown; scientists believe that they might once have secreted lubricants to protect the urinary opening and the urethra from bacteria.

Bartholin's glands (BAR-tho-linz glans)
Bartholin's glands cannot be seen or felt because they are under skin on either side of the vaginal opening (introitus). These two glands help lubricate the vagina and vulva by secreting a thin mucus from two ducts.

Urethra (You-REE-thruh)
The urethra is a short tube connected to the bladder that transports urine to the urethral opening. This opening can be seen as a very small, v-shaped dimple below the clitoris.

Like the vagina, the urethra may also become thinner with less strength to remain in a closed position during the years leading up to and beyond menopause. Caused by the reduction in estrogen, this loss of elasticity may result in a sense of urgency to urinate, and loss of bladder control. Kegel exercises can be invaluable in strengthening the pelvic muscles which can help maintain good bladder control.

Hymen (HI-min)
The hymen is a thin, delicate mucous membrane surrounding the vaginal opening. Normally, it has a perforation or opening in the center. Rarely, a girl is born with a hymen that is not open which prevents the flow of menstrual fluids as well as intercourse. If the hymen is closed, it requires surgical correction. If the hymen has been torn or stretched, it may bleed and small flaps of skin may remain called hymenal tags.

Vaginal Opening
The vaginal opening, or the introitus, is the entrance to the reproductive system, and through which flow menstrual blood and vaginal discharge.

Perineum (Pair-in-EE-um)
The perineum is the area between the vagina and the anus.

Anus (A-nus)
The anus is the outer opening to the rectum and bowels. After puberty, pubic hair may grow around the anus, and the skin may darken in color.

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