What are the effects of acid rain on water?

Acid rain is such a big problem for lakes and rivers. Usually, bodies of water have something called a "buffering capacity" which is a limited ability to neutralize acidic compounds. However, bodies of water with a low buffering capacity are very sensitive to acid rain. In lakes, this problem can lead to many fish dying, and sometimes, the complete eradication of certain fish species. For example, all the fish in 140 lakes in Minnesota have been killed, and the salmon and trout populations of Norway's major rivers have been reduced because the water is so acidic. Short-term increases in acid levels kill lots of fish. However, the greatest threat is from long-term increases. This makes the fish stop reproducing. The extra acid also frees toxic metals which were previously held in rocks, especially aluminium, and keeps fish from breathing.