TCP-IP PROTOCOLS

TCP/IP Layers

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Layers of TCP/IP

The application, presentation, and session layers are all application-oriented in that they are responsible for presenting the application interface to the user. These three layers are called the upper layers.

The lower four layers deal with the transmission of data, covering the packaging, routing, verification, and transmission of each data group. The lower layers don't worry about the type of data they receive or send to the application, but deal simply with the task of sending it.