Independence! Merdeka! Merdeka! Merdeka!
By the Agreement of 1948 the British had committed themselves to preparing the way for the Federation's independence. Under the twin pressures of a communist rebellion (the Emergency) and the development of a strong Malay nationalist movement (represented by UMNO), the British introduced elections, starting at local level in 1951. The problem of obtaining political cooperation among the main ethnic groups in the country to fight for independence was resolved by the successful establishment of an alliance between UMNO and the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA), the two principal communal parties, in the same year, which was subsequently joined by the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC).
When the first federal elections were held in 1955, the UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance, headed by Tunku Abdul Rahman, won an overwhelming victory (51 out of the 52 seats contested), and the Tunku was appointed the Federation's first Chief Minister.
In January 1956, Tunku Abdul Rahman, led a delegation containing 4 members of The Alliance and 4 monarchs to London to negotiate Malaya's independence. After 3 weeks of negotiations, the London Independence Agreement was signed on the 8th of February 1962. The British Government had agreed to give Malaya independence on the 31st of August 1957.
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