NORMALIZED UNITSIt is supposed in this work that there exist three types of 4-dimensional rotation in the Universe.
1 ROT = N !, 1! = N osc, 1 ROT = N2 osc, !2 = sqr(ROT*osc) In order to simplify relations between values we'll introduce mass of proton pr as unit of mass, and charge of an electron e as unit of charge. We don't know the exact geometry of the real Universe. So, we can speak about it's space-time coordinates only with some approximation. Today, it is clear, that in the present geometrical model of Universe, the coordinates of 4-d lattice are almost closed, i.e., after finishing one full rotation about the Universe, the coordinate axis-circumference is not closed, but passes close to initial point, - about the Compton wavelength of proton. By taking this into account, we can write that the length of one quasi spire is defined through velocity of light and Hubble constant as: X = c/H (1) The length of time quasi spire is: T = 1/H (2) H - Hubble constant. Observations give for it H = 70 +/- 15 km/s/Mpc. In this work the following result was received: H= 73.29 km/s/Mpc, and after corrections of units H = 2.375E-18 ROT/s. The length of space and time spires of Universe are: X= 1.262E+26 m/ROT, T = 4.210E+17 s/ROT or T = 13.34 mlrd.years/ROT. The expressions (1), (2) are valid in 4-d lattice from the point of view of macroscopic observer, i.e., relatively us and our units. In this units the lattice looks non symmetrically, - three quasi spires numerically are big, the fourth is shorter by "c" times. By making the turn inside the lattice, we at the same time make equal all quasi spires. (To say the truth, the macroscopic life is impossible under such angles, because there will be no difference between proton, electron, photon, neutrino, because there will no be time with all thermodynamics, and no accumulation of information.) Nevertheless the microscopic life is possible there and we can assume that the length of all quasi spires are equal to each other and numerically are equal to some universal quantum number. " ' "- denotes new normalized values of our Universe. At first N was received from expression N = sqr(c2mpr/(Hh), but the precision of Hubble constant was not sufficient, and latter the N was received more precisely through another expressions. Now we have N = 3.091E+20 !/ROT. Here is the system of equations with which we can receive exact values of quantities.
Note: In the summer 1999, the precision of all recommended values was changed by CODATA. Only one of the main constants had become less precise, -- gravity constant. It was changed from 6.67259(85)E-11 to 6.673(10)E-11, or in form, used in this work: from 6.67259E-11 to 6.673E-11 in SI units. In this work a very interesting numerical coincidence was found for normalized gravity constant G' = 1/Exp(a+1/a) and, as a result, we received very precise G = 6.671479888E-11. It does not influence on the main results of normalization of units, but great precision of G helps us to see more clearly the beauty of normalized units. So if hypothesis G' = 1/Exp(a+1/a) will be erroneous, then precision of some bottom results will be less. Like: from 6.671479888E-11 to 6.673E-11. This will not change the main results of normalization. Let's introduce the main coefficients of re-count of space and time quantities from SI to NU, and coefficients of re-count of mass and charge. The unit of mass in NU is the mass of proton. The unit of charge in NU is the elementary charge.
Let's introduce coefficients for re-count of frequencies:
Velocity of light is dimensionless in NU and equals to one: c' = c/(l0n0) = 299792458m/s/(408438.0458 m/!*733.9973861 !/s) = 1 Hubble constant: H'=1/T'=1/N = 2.032783924E-21(universal rotation / flash) = 3.235276097E-21 ROT/! (4) (H*(2p))' = 2.032783924E-20 (universal radian / flash) = 2.032783924E-20 RAD/! (4.a) In SI units Hubble constant will be interpreted as angular velocity of light: H = 2.374684198E-18 (universal rotation / second) = 2.374684198E-18 (ROT/s), H*(2p) = 1.492058087E-17 (universal radian / second) = 1.492058087E-17 (RAD/s). Normalized unit of force will be proton-force or pr-force or pr/!: 1pr-force =1pr*1!/1!/1!= 1pr/!. 1N = 1kg*1m/1s2/ 1.67262158E-27 kg/pr / 408438.0458 m/! * (1.362402672E-03 s/!)2 = 2.716984040E+15 pr/!, (or 1N =2.716984040E+15 pr-force. kF=3.680551617E-16 N/pr-force (or in N*!/pr) (5) Normalized unit of energy is also proton: 1 J = (1kg*1m2/1s2)/km /l02*t02 = 6652132600 pr or 1 pr = 1.503277310E-10J. The Planck constant will be: h' = {h}(J*s/osc) * {n0}(!/s) / {kE}(J/pr) = 3.235276097E-21 pr*!/osc (7) (h/(2p))' = {h/(2p)}(J*s/rad) * {n0}(!/s) / {kE}(J/pr) = 5.149101831E-22 pr*!/rad (7.a) lpr = h / (mprc) = 1.321409846E-15 m/osc (8) lpr' = {lpr}(m/osc) / l0(m/!) = 3.235276097E-21 !/osc (8.a) (lpr/2p)' = {lpr/2p}(m/rad) / l0(m/!)= 5.149101831E-22 !/rad (8.b) Gravity constant G in normalized form: G' = {G}(m3ROT/(s2kg))*({t0}(s/!))2*{km}(kg/pr)/({l0}(m/!))3 = 3.039850897E-60 !*ROT/pr (9) (The course of intrusion of ROT in the gravity constant will be explain later) As a result we have long and not finished yet chain of numerical exact equalities: {X'}={Y'}={Z'}={T'}=1/{h'}=1/{H'}=1/v0'=1/{l'pr}=1/{f'}={N}=3.090926308E+20 (10) where f' is quantum of force, and v0' is quantum of velocity of particle's link (quark). Quantum of force and graviton energy.Energy of fluctuations must have symmetry form from both sides of the boundary frequency. Such for fluctuation, lying in the electromagnetic region, or simply, for photon, we have: E = hn = hc/l (11) Correspondingly, the energy of fluctuation, lying in the space-gravity region, or simply, for graviton, must be defined through: E = fl = fc/n (12) where f is quantum of force, defined from the condition of correctness of both formulas at the border: Quantum of force must play the same role in gravity region, as quantum of action plays in electromagnetic region. E0=hn0=hc/l0=(hc/l02)l0 (13) f = hc/l02 (14) After substituting of dates and using equations osc/!=!/ROT, !2=osc*ROT, we'll receive: f = {h}(J*s/osc)*{c}(m/s)/({l0}(m/!))2 = 1.190760067E-36 N*ROT After multiplying the last by 2p (RAD/ROT) we'll receive analogue to hbar: f*2p = 7.481766157E-36 N*RAD (14.a) We can take ratio of action quantum to force quantum: h/f=556.4570849 (J*s/osc) / (N*ROT), or m*s/!2 (15) h/(f*2p)=88.56289567 (J*s/osc) / (N*RAD), or m*s/(osc*RAD) or m*s/(osc*RAD) (15.a) (h/2p)/(f*2p)=14.09522262 (J*s/rad) / (N*RAD), or m*s/(rad*RAD) (15.b) Expression (15) is equal to: l0/n0 = 556.4570849 (m/!)/(!/s), or m*s/!2 (16) Expression (15.b) quite strangely connects time, linear, angular quantities in SI and NU: 1radNU = sqr(14.09522262 m*s) = 3.7543604810(m*s)1/2 In normalized units the quantum of force is equal to 1/N pr*ROT/!. Normalization of electric units.Electric constant, or permittivity, e0 can be received from the expression for elementary charge: e=sqr(2ae0hc), or: e'=sqr(2ae0'h') e0'=e'2/(2ah')=N/(2a) e2osc/(pr*!) = 2.117840884E+22 e2osc/(pr*!) (17) The tests of dimensions in different expressions had shown, that dimensions of constants of interactions are dependent of units ROT or osc. For dimensions of gravity constant we have [G] = 1kg*s2*ROT/m3. We can conclude that G, H are dependent of the angle of rotation in lattice of Universe. But it is supposed in this work that the angle does not dependent of time. Our situation in universal space-time lattice is analogues to the height of a running squirrel in rotating while. Precision of values N, H, l0, n0, t are defined by the precision of gravity constant G. But it's precision is the smallest among main constants. If we take combinations of N, H, l0, n0, t with G, then precision will be much bigger, for example: G=6.673E-11 ROT*m3/(kg*s2), H=2.375E-18 ROT/s, G/H=2.809417729E+7 m3/kg/s (18) G/H can be interpreted as a specific "swallowing" of material space by ponderable matter. Permeability of free space in normalized units can be received from: c=1/sqr(e0m0), 1=1/sqr(e0'm0'), m0'=1/e0'. m0'= 2a/N = 4.721790044E-23 pr*!/osc/e2 (19) Impedance for vacuum in SI is Z0=sqr(m0/e0)=376.730313461771 Ohm, and in norm. units it is: Z'=sqr(m0'/e0')=m0'=2a/N= 4.721790044E-23 pr*!/osc/e2 (20) |
Extremely urgent note, 2009. Attention! Magnetic trap of Devil!There is a very big probability that magnetic trap will kill us all, if we will not stop powerful colliders. Magnetic trap is an object, unifying hypothetical objects, connected primarily by magnetic forces: neutron drop/liquid; neutron hole; magnetic hole ... It is probable that the microscopic magnetic trap can be created at the collider. Magnetic trap will grow capturing the normal substance. As a result, magnetic trap can destroy the Earth. Magnetic hole is a magnetic analog of the black hole. The black hole is bounded by gravitational forces, and the magnetic hole is bounded by magnetic forces, which are many-many times stronger than gravity forces. Magnetic hole is a magnetic dipole, in the form of a circle, where there is the critical magnetic field. The lines of magnetic induction are directed perpendicular to the plane of the circle. Nucleons are microscopic magnets, and they can be easily captured by the critical field of the hole. As a result the hole is growing. The approximate computation shows that the minimal possible magnetic hole, which can capture a nucleon, has a mass slightly more than one thousand masses of nucleons. The Tevatron collider is now working near this region. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be able to create the particles with the rest mass, which are seven times more that the minimal possible mass of magnetic hole. According to publications, LHC will create microscopic black holes. Most theorists suggest that these black holes will disappear, because of the Hawking evaporation. However, we know that there are several theories of gravity. Some theories did not even admit the existence of black holes. In addition, there are several theories of black holes. Therefore, confidence in the classical theory of black holes and in a process of evaporation of black holes is very poor. For several years, some scientists argue and demand to ban the construction of powerful colliders. Among the known dangerous objects that may lead to global catastrophe are the following: microscopic black holes, strangelets, magnetic monopoles, vacuum bubbles. I learned about these disputes and concerns only in early September 2008. And then I immediately noticed that the objects, bounded by magnetic forces, were almost not analyzed. In early September, I assumed that the probability of a global catastrophe is less than 0.000001. However, after three months of analysis of the objects, bounded by magnetic forces, and after the analysis of space observations, my assessment of the global disaster has surpassed dozens of percents. Some theorists suggest that the Higgs bosons will be registered at the LHC. Higgs boson had received a new name, "the God particle". We know that the most of particles have their corresponding antiparticles. So, if there is a particle of God, then there is a particle of Devil. Two colliding particles can give two more massive particles, - the particle and its antiparticle, for example, an electron and positron. By adding the colliding energy, we can get the God particle and its anti-particle, the magnetic trap of Devil. Particles and antiparticles have diametrically opposed properties. Indeed, the Higgs boson causes the ordinary matter to have a mass. But the magnetic hole captures the substance and transforms its rest mass-energy into another form of matter, - the magnetic field of the Devil's trap. Say me now, are we have the right to touch the particle of God? Microscopic magnetic holes created at the collider, will move to the center of the Earth, absorbing the matter in their path. Eventually they will merge together into a single and much stronger magnetic hole. The thin shell of the Earth, together with us, will be ejected into cosmic space, but the rest of the Earth will turn into an electric current loop of several meters radius. For comparison, the radius of a black hole of the same mass is 9 millimeters. Part of Earth’s mass will be transformed into magnetic field of neutron hole, and another part will be transformed into radiation and kinetic energy of the released shell. Magnetic hole will not decay if it was born in such cold place, as the collider, where the temperature is close to 0 K. If the magnetic hole is born in a collision of space particle with atmospheric particle, it has a speed, which is close to the speed of light. As a result, such magnetic hole will evaporate almost immediately as a result of energetic collisions with atmospheric particles. Such evaporating magnetic hole will form a cosmic-ray particle shower. Such showers are observable. Huge magnetic holes are also observable is cosmos.
In the remnants of supernova SN 1987A we can see a system of rings, which remind us the magnetic hole. It is possible that this magnetic hole is decaying now. It seems as if these rings embrace a hyperboloid. And now look at the electron, moving along two hyperboles in coordinates x, ict, in my electron model program. Each electron crosses the entire Universe in a period of time, which is equal to the classical period of the electron. This paradoxical conclusion is the consequence of the Special Relativity Theory. The ring structure of SN 1987A and our electron model have common visible properties. The Earth and the Sun can be turned into the same ring structure. Magnetic collapse is much more rapid than the gravity collapse. At the process of magnetic collapse the nucleon turns such, that its magnetic dipole moment becomes parallel to the magnetic dipole moment of a trap. Gravity collapse needs displacing of a matter inside the Schwarzschild radius. The time interval of neutrino registration at neutrino observatories had proved the reality of magnetic collapse of dying stars. Particle's collision energies and bombs: Several eV - chemical bomb; Chemical bomb is accompanied by the change of chemical
structure of matter. Scientific crime.Only crazy people can try to create the particles with the rest mass, more than 1000 nucleon masses. It is very possible that in the region from 1000 to 7000 aum, hundreds types of particles and resonances can be created. It is clear, that the most of them will decay. But some of them will grow, capturing the ordinary matter. Academician Migdal wrote 30 years ago about pion condensation in the strong fields. As a result he had come to conclusion that neutron stars can have any masses. My approximate computation also shows that the minimal possible neutron star can have a mass, about one thousand of nucleon masses. Such embryos of neutron star can by made in collider. Not long ago the new strange unexpected particle was discovered at the Tevatron collider. It decays at several muons, up to eight units. Somebody had already named it the Halloween particle. I named it the muon hole. What will be made the next? The magnetic trap of Devil? Majority of contemporary physicists imagine quark-gluon plasma as a suck with peas. That is a very dangerous imagination. Particles are not points with labels, where their quantum properties were written. Particles are not the material essences, independent of space-time; they are just space-time elements, strings. Dear reader, the situation is extremely serious. The physics now is in the deep crisis. Theorists, in order to save their religious Big Bang theory, invented “the dark energy" as a new either. They want now to test their wretched theories at the powerful Large Hadron Collider. Those persons, with high ranks and high scientific degrees, who cry about the safety of LHC, had already made a crime now. The LHC was launched despite the fact that there were court trials. The Earth could be exploded the 21 of September 2008, but the accident, which had happened two days earlier, had saved us. Scientists-criminals continue to lie about the safety of the LHC, and are preparing the global terrorist crime now. Dear reader! Big Bang adherents can lead the Earth to the utter destruction. Particle collisions with the energy more then 1 TeV must be prohibited by the international law. The science must be cleared from the Big Bang delusion. Big-bangers want to touch the particle of God, but thus, they lead us into the magnetic trap of Devil. People, will you silently endure the massacre? Some documents and links. In November 2008, I arrived to Moscow in order to file a lawsuit against the Russian Academy of Sciences and against the most active propagandists/promoters of the LHC launch. Unfortunately, for the lack of funds, I could not did it then. In late November at the "meeting of four" there was decided to hear my report "What will LHC give us, the particle of God, or magnetic trap of Devil?" at a workshop in one of the leading institutions of Moscow. But later, I received a "retreat" from this institution. In December, I sent the Letter to the President of Russia. In January, I received an answer in which it was stated that my letter was forwarded to the Russian Academy of Sciences. In December, I sent the Letters to the Prosecutors Office of the Russian Federation. Soon after, I received the answer stating that my letter "was sent for review in the prescribed manner". In the end of January I returned to Feodosia (Ukraine) and continued to inform about the risks of the global catastrophe. You can read some letters, which were send to the Google groups, - just click my Google-profile. Reproduction of biospheres and civilizations. Who are you, dear reader: "a cell of good reason", "a curiosity cell", or "thoughtless muscular cell"? Magnetic trap of Devil. Recent calculations show that it is not excluded that microscopic magnetic traps were already created, and they are growing now somewhere inside the Earth. Arguments, proving that "The LHC will lead to global catastrophe"; "Magnetic holes exist"; "We will not be able to prevent the LHC launch and the following global catastrophe". Religious and mystic arguments. Read the frequently updated page |
Value in SI | Re-count | Value in NU | |
Quantum number N | N=T*n0, N=X/l0, N=sqr(mprc2/hH), N=sqr(ap(fel/fgr)e-e), N=3.090926308E+20 osc/!, !/ROT, sqr(osc/ROT) | N'=N | 3.090926308E+20 osc/!, !/ROT, sqr(osc/ROT) |
Velocity of light | c = 299792458 m/s | c'=ct0/l0 | 1 |
Hubble constant | H = 2.374684198E-18 ROT/s 73.275107 km/s/Mpc |
H'=Ht0 = 1/N | 3.235276097E-21 ROT/! |
Compton wave length of proton | lpr = h / (mprc) =1.321409847E-15 m/osc | lpr' = lpr/l0 = 1/N | 3.235276097E-21 !/osc |
Compton frequency of proton | npr = 2.268731830E+23 osc/s | npr'=nprt0 =N | 3.090926308E+20 osc/! |
Planck constant | h= 6.626068756E-34 J*s/osc | h' = h/km/l02t0 = 1/N | 3.235276097E-21 pr*!/osc |
Electron mass | mel= 9.109381876E-31 kg | mel'=mel/km | 1/1836.1526675 pr |
Gravity constant | G = 6.671479888E-11 ROT*m3/(kg*s2) | G' = Gt02km/l03
; G' =N/p2*df2/2 (independent
hypothesis: G'= 1/Exp(a+1/a),
or 2G'= 1/sh(a+1/a), or 2G'= i/sin(i(a+1/a))) |
3.039850897E-60 !ROT/pr |
Quantum of force | f = hc/l02 = 1.190760067E-36 N*ROT or kg*m*ROT/s2 | f' = ft02/(kml0) ={1/N} | 3.235276097E-21 pr*ROT/! |
Electric constant | e0=8.85418782E-12 F/m, C2osc/(m2N) | e0' =e'2/(2ah') = {N/(2a)} | 2.117840884E+22 e2osc/!/pr |
Magnetic constant | m0=1/c2e0= 4p*E-7 Hn/(osc*m), s2N/(osc*C)2 | m0' = 1/e0' = {2a/N} | 4.721790044E-23 pr*!/osc/e2 |
Impedans of free space | Z0=sqr(m0/e0) = 376.730313461771 Ohm/osc, m*s*N/(osc*C2) | Z0' = sqr(m0'/e0') {2a/N} | 4.721790044E-23 pr*!/osc/e2 |
Ratio of coefficients of interactions grav/el | d = G4pe0 = 7.423022472E-21 C2ROT*osc/kg2, C2!2/kg2 | d' = d*km2/ke2 | 8.090129511E-37 e2!2/pr2 |
Grav/el forces ratio between two protons | dpp=d*mpr2/q2 = 8.090129511E-37 !2 | dpp' = dpp | 8.090129511E-37 !2 |
Grav/el forces ratio between proton and electron | dpe=d*mpr*mel/q2 =4.406022252E-40 !2 | dpe' = dpe | 4.406022252E-40 !2 |
Grav/el forces ratio between two electrons | dee=d*mel2/q2 = 2.399594723E-43 !2 | dee' = dee = ap/N2 | 2.399594723E-43 !2 |
In SI we have seven base quantities: length (meter, m); mass (kilogram, kg); time (second, s); electric current (ampere, A); thermodynamic temperature (kelvin K); amount of substance (mole, mol); luminous intensity (candela, cd). Other quantities can be represented as additional quantities and derived quantities. Examples of additional quantities are: plane angle (radian, rad); solid angle (steradian, sr). Examples of derived quantities are: mass density (kilogram per cubic meter, kg/m3); energy (joule, J=N*m=m2*kg*s-2); power (watt, W=J/s=m2*kg*s-3); charge (coulomb, C=A*s); and so on. Plane and solid angle are dimensionless and this is the course of some confusion in the formulas with "rad" and "sr".
It is clear, that apparent disorder with units is bound to closed geometry. Such similar "disorder" exists in elementary math. For example, the length of arc, L, and the length of it's radius, r, are measured in "meters". The angle, j is measured in "radians". We have an equation:
L (m)=r (m) * j (rad) (21)
As a result we have 1m = 1m*1rad. Because of this correct/noncorrect equation we have two different Planck constant, related by the coefficient 2p but both measured in J*s.
We can change the approximate equation (21) by more precise with the help of bottom picture and constituting the fact, that in the real world there are no straight lines, there are no plane circles, there is no ideal Euclidean space.
Any circumference or circle we must always draw on the sphere of much more radius. So, from L=aj, a= rsiny, r=ry we can receive more precise formulae for the length of arc:
L=rjsiny/y, lim(siny/y)=1 rad-1, if y --» 0 rad, (22)
The equation (22) now is expressed without contradictions in units: m = m*rad/rad, siny = m/m. But to be correct to the end we must rewrite the expression, containing the radius of curvature r, in correct form: r=rysind/d. The result will be the same.
From the other hand the formulae L=rJ, where J = jsiny/y, can be regarded as correct, but in this case the quantity J must be named not angle, but the ratio of lengths. Correspondingly in formulae: r=rY, where Y=ysind/d, the quantity, denoted by big Y will be the ratio of arc length to radius length, but the quantity, denoted by small y is the angle of this arc, measured in radians.
In the border n0 = 734 !/s the properties of oscillations are changed relatively us, macroscopioc observers, who live at the scale story between microworld and megaworld. At this frequency we must change space measurements on time measurement and visa verse. It is possible to do this in normalized units. For example, let's suppose, that "mirror reflection" of maximum of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) can give us the some maximum gravity spectrum. Then, transferring from usual units to normalized, and returning from normalized units to usual we'll have such chain of lines, where osc - electromagnetic oscillations, ROT - gravity oscillations:
grav. max --- border --- CMBR.max
---- x (Hz or ROT/s)-------- 734 !/s---- 2.82E+11 (Hz or osc/s)
--1/3.84E+8 ROT/!----------- 1 !/!---------- 3.84E+8 osc/!----
---1.91E-6 ROT/s-----------734 !/s--------2.82E+11 osc/s---
T = 1/(1.687E-6 ROT/s)= 6.06 days/ROT
In the bottom picture You can see the connections of Planck length with now received results in logarithmic scale. (Planck's time and mass one can receive through: tpl=lpl/c; npl=1/tpl; mpl=hnpl/c2)
df - el/grav forces ratio for:
pe - proton-electron, ee - electron-electron.
To index of Space Genetics.