Energy Klondike for rational civilization.
|
Reactions for thrifty mankind. | Reactions for egoistic civilization. |
K40
+ p --> Ca40 +
n + 0.529 MeV. K39 + n --> K40 + 7.8 MeV. |
K40
+ p --> Ca40 +
n + 0.529 MeV. Xn + n --> Zn+1 + 100 MeV. |
Will be sufficient for many millions years. | Will be sufficient for hundreds of years. |
In May of 2000 I come to logical deduction of Arc Effect. It leads to fundamental revision of internal structure of stars, and it led me to the idea of the GraviThermal Coil.
In 2003 and 2004 I had developed the idea of GraviThermal Coil, in order to perform the press-nuclear fusion inside it. It was transformed in my head from one-kilometer monster (2000) into a compact power-machine, with diameter equal to one meter approximately (2004). The new name of this device is Russian Toroidal Matryoshka (RTM). I tried mentally to risen the pressure, but it was still small in order to start the hydrogen fusion. And at last in 2004 the new type of nuclear reactions were invented, - the press-nuclear reactions with catalyst. The fuel is H1 and K39. The catalyst is K40.
The essence of RTM and press-nuclear reactions were explained in my two speeches at the conference "Science & Future", which were held in Russia, Moscow, the 13-16 of April 2004, and in May 2005. http://darkenergy.narod.ru/motja.html, http://darkenergy.narod.ru/motja2.html.
Nevertheless, professional scientists will hardly take me seriously. Professionals as a rule just hate and laugh above the amateur scientists and independent researchers. Me, the schoolteacher of the lowest category cannot be allowed to publish an article in scientific journal.
The first reaction of this type was the following almost impossible reaction:
K40+K40 --> Ar40+Ca40.
You would ask: "Way did you take K40? I'll take for example Si28 and shall perform the reaction Si28+Si28 --> Fe28."
No, K40 is unique isotope. It is the radioactive isotope with the time of half-decay of the order of 109 years. That is why it still exists in the Earth. Besides this isotope decays by two opposite branches: transforming into Ca40 with emitting of electron and antineutrino, or into Ar40 emitting of positron and neutrino.
The essence of the idea is in the following. We push one K40 atom in the neutron-deficit state. We push another K40 atom in neutron-excess state. Then we compress these two atoms and accelerate their transformation into a pair Ca40 and Ar40, without electron-positron emission.
The expected cross-section of this reaction is very small. We can increase it by changing the K40 atom in the neutron-deficit state into some other neutron-deficit atom. But as we know the most neutron-deficit atom is the hydrogen isotope H1, or p.
K40 + p --> Ca40 + n + 0.529 MeV.
The expected cross-section of this reaction was promising. Then I found the theoretical value of this reaction. It is indeed comparable to reactions, which are investigated as candidates for thermonuclear reaction. It is not excluded that this reaction can be used as thermonuclear reactions. But I expected to conduct this reaction in RTM, as press-nuclear reaction.
RTM creates very high pressures and can divide isotopes. As you have guessed, I want to divide the mixture of K39 and K40 inside RTM, send the K40 into the central spire of RTM (first reaction zone). The appearing neutron supposed to fly out of this zone and will be captured by K39 isotope, transforming into K40, which will slowly drift to the central spire.
Of course, these reactions could be tested in Tokamak also.
The unique property of the pair of equations
K40
+ H1 --> Ca40
+ n + 0.529 MeV,
K39 + n -->
K40
+ 7.8 MeV,
is in the following, - the abundant isotopes K39
and H1
are burning out, but the precious rare isotope
K40
is restored.
Let's try to find the analogues reaction on the following scheme. We take some neutron-excess isotope and bombard it by the H1 isotope, and then compute the energy out put.
H3 + H1
--> n + He3 - 764 keV.
The energy output is negative; reaction is impossible. Besides
H3 is absent
in the natural mixture of hydrogen.
He4 + H1
--> n + Li4 - 23487 keV.
The energy output is negative; reaction is impossible.
...
...
...
K40 + H1
--> n + Ca4 + 529.2 keV.
This is our unique reaction.
...
...
...
V50
+ H1 --> n + Cr48
+ 256.3 keV. Good reaction but in the natural mixture of
V there is no partner. This reaction can be used in pair with another capturing
element. Vanadium is not the Energy Klondike.
...
...
...
In115, It seems there is a
typo in my reference book. Besides the In115
isotope is very rare in the mixture of natural In.
...
...
...
La138
+ H1 --> n +
Ce138 + 258.6
keV. Very rare in the Earth crust.
...
...
...
Lu176
+ H1 --> n +
Hf176 + 403.6
keV. Very rare in the Earth crust.
...
...
...
Ta180
+ H1 --> n +
W180 - 72 keV.
Very rare in the Earth crust.
...
...
...
Thus we looked through the whole periodic system and found only six isotopes, suitable for our reaction type. Let's look another reference book, - the abundances of isotopes in the natural mixtures of corresponding elements:
K40 - 0.0117%,
V50 - 0.25%,
In115 - 95.7%,
La138 - 0.09%,
Lu176 - 2.59%,
Ta180 - 0.012%.
Abundances of correspondent elements in the Earth crust.
K - 2.35%,
V - 0.02%,
In - 10-5 %,
La - 0.00065 %,
Lu - 0.00017 %,
Ta - 0.000024 %.
Abundances of correspondent isotopes in the Earth crust.
K40 - 0.000275%,
V50 - 0.00005%,
In115 - 0.00001%,
La138 - 0.0000006%,
Lu176 - 0.0000044%,
Ta180 - 0.000000002%.
In order to restore isotope with mass-number N, by the neutron capture, it is necessary the existence of the isotope with mass-number N-1 in nature. In the following table we wrote such possibilities.
K39 - 93.26%,
V49 - no,
In114 - no,
La137 - no,
Lu175 - 97.41%,
Ta179 - no.
In order to compare the received data, let's look at uranium. Abundances
of U in the Earth crust
U - 0.0004%.
In the natural mixture it is represented by the following isotopes:
U234 - 0.0055%,
U235 - 0.72%
U238 - 99.2745%
Let's answer, which fuel is the most widespread on our planet.
If we shall conduct the reaction of the following type
Xn
+ H1
--> n + Yn
+ Q1;
n + Xn-1 --- Xn
+ Q2,
then the first place will be taken by K39+H,
with restoring isotope K40,
(K39+H: 3%).
This nuclear fuel is more abundant than uranium U235 by the factor of million, (U235: 0.000004%).
The second place takes the deuterium, if the thermonuclear fusion will
be economically profitable. The abundance of deuterium in the natural mixture
of hydrogen is 0.015% and in the Earth is 0,00015%.
(H2: 0.00015%).
The third place was taken by U238, but it does not burn alone.
(U238: 0.0004%.)
The forth place was taken by Lu175 with catalyst Lu176,
but the probability of reaction is extremely small because it has 71 protons.
(Lu175: 0.00017 %).
The fifth place was taken by V50 in the reaction without catalyst.
The second reaction (neutron capture) could by, for example U238.
(V50: 0.00005%).
The sixth place takes the isotope U235.
(U235: 0.000004%).
If K39 will be used without restoring reaction it will drop at the third place and will be exhausted thousands times quicker.
Electrical charge of K is quite big, 19. Nevertheless the cross-sections of discussed reaction is comparative to cross-sections of deuterium atom.
The theoretical value of reaction I have found at arXiv: nucl-th/0104003 v1 2 Apr 2001 with tables at: http://quasar.physik.unibas.ch/tommy/astro/calc/cs_frdm.asc.gz
I'll transform the table in more convenient form.
In the first column there is the energy of proton.
In the second column there is the cross-section of the reaction K40 + p
-> Ca40 + n.
MeV________barn
0.15045___1.089e-16
0.54984___3.481e-07
1.30697___5.420e-04
2.74228___7.250e-03
5.46326___9.492e-02
10.6215___1.600e-01
20.4002___2.135e-01
Of course, the cross-sections are quite small, but I hope that there must be some resonances, which could be found experimentally. The resonances could occur because of the GraviThermal Coil is in the state of very high-velocity rotation ~ 1000 Hz.
The second reaction, neutron capture, gives no doubt.
Russian Toroidal Matryoshka & Press-Nuclear Reactions with catalyst.
This page was translated from Russian the 25 of March 2007.
To index of Space Genetics
Extremely urgent note, 2009.
There is a very big probability that magnetic trap will kill us all, if we will not stop powerful colliders.
Magnetic trap is an object, unifying hypothetical objects, connected primarily by magnetic forces: neutron drop/liquid; neutron hole; magnetic hole ...
It is probable that the microscopic magnetic trap can be created at the collider. Magnetic trap will grow capturing the normal substance. As a result, magnetic trap can destroy the Earth.
Magnetic hole is a magnetic analog of the black hole. The black hole is bounded by gravitational forces, and the magnetic hole is bounded by magnetic forces, which are many-many times stronger than gravity forces.
Magnetic hole is a magnetic dipole, in the form of a circle, where there is the critical magnetic field. The lines of magnetic induction are directed perpendicular to the plane of the circle. Nucleons are microscopic magnets, and they can be easily captured by the critical field of the hole. As a result the hole is growing.
The approximate computation shows that the minimal possible magnetic hole, which can capture a nucleon, has a mass slightly more than one thousand masses of nucleons. The Tevatron collider is now working near this region. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be able to create the particles with the rest mass, which are seven times more that the minimal possible mass of magnetic hole.
According to publications, LHC will create microscopic black holes. Most theorists suggest that these black holes will disappear, because of the Hawking evaporation. However, we know that there are several theories of gravity. Some theories did not even admit the existence of black holes. In addition, there are several theories of black holes. Therefore, confidence in the classical theory of black holes and in a process of evaporation of black holes is very poor.
For several years, some scientists argue and demand to ban the construction of powerful colliders. Among the known dangerous objects that may lead to global catastrophe are the following: microscopic black holes, strangelets, magnetic monopoles, vacuum bubbles. I learned about these disputes and concerns only in early September 2008. And then I immediately noticed that the objects, bounded by magnetic forces, were almost not analyzed.
In early September, I assumed that the probability of a global catastrophe is less than 0.000001. However, after three months of analysis of the objects, bounded by magnetic forces, and after the analysis of space observations, my assessment of the global disaster has surpassed dozens of percents.
Some theorists suggest that the Higgs bosons will be registered at the LHC. Higgs boson had received a new name, "the God particle". We know that the most of particles have their corresponding antiparticles. So, if there is a particle of God, then there is a particle of Devil. Two colliding particles can give two more massive particles, - the particle and its antiparticle, for example, an electron and positron. By adding the colliding energy, we can get the God particle and its anti-particle, the magnetic trap of Devil. Particles and antiparticles have diametrically opposed properties. Indeed, the Higgs boson causes the ordinary matter to have a mass. But the magnetic hole captures the substance and transforms its rest mass-energy into another form of matter, - the magnetic field of the Devil's trap. Say me now, are we have the right to touch the particle of God?
Microscopic magnetic holes created at the collider, will move to the center of the Earth, absorbing the matter in their path. Eventually they will merge together into a single and much stronger magnetic hole. The thin shell of the Earth, together with us, will be ejected into cosmic space, but the rest of the Earth will turn into an electric current loop of several meters radius. For comparison, the radius of a black hole of the same mass is 9 millimeters. Part of Earth’s mass will be transformed into magnetic field of neutron hole, and another part will be transformed into radiation and kinetic energy of the released shell.
Magnetic hole will not decay if it was born in such cold place, as the collider, where the temperature is close to 0 K. If the magnetic hole is born in a collision of space particle with atmospheric particle, it has a speed, which is close to the speed of light. As a result, such magnetic hole will evaporate almost immediately as a result of energetic collisions with atmospheric particles. Such evaporating magnetic hole will form a cosmic-ray particle shower. Such showers are observable.
Huge magnetic holes are also observable is cosmos.
In the remnants of supernova SN 1987A we can see a system of rings, which remind us the magnetic hole. It is possible that this magnetic hole is decaying now.
It seems as if these rings embrace a hyperboloid. And now look at the electron, moving along two hyperboles in coordinates x, ict, in my electron model program. Each electron crosses the entire Universe in a period of time, which is equal to the classical period of the electron. This paradoxical conclusion is the consequence of the Special Relativity Theory. The ring structure of SN 1987A and our electron model have common visible properties. The Earth and the Sun can be turned into the same ring structure.
Magnetic collapse is much more rapid than the gravity collapse. At the process of magnetic collapse the nucleon turns such, that its magnetic dipole moment becomes parallel to the magnetic dipole moment of a trap. Gravity collapse needs displacing of a matter inside the Schwarzschild radius. The time interval of neutrino registration at neutrino observatories had proved the reality of magnetic collapse of dying stars.
Particle's collision energies and bombs:
Several eV - chemical bomb;
Several MeV - nuclear bomb;
Several TeV - hyper bomb.
Chemical bomb is accompanied by the change of chemical
structure of matter.
Nuclear bomb is accompanied by the change of nuclear structure of matter.
Hyper bomb is accompanied by the transformation of solid matter into a field.
Only crazy people can try to create the particles with the rest mass, more than 1000 nucleon masses. It is very possible that in the region from 1000 to 7000 aum, hundreds types of particles and resonances can be created. It is clear, that the most of them will decay. But some of them will grow, capturing the ordinary matter.
Academician Migdal wrote 30 years ago about pion condensation in the strong fields. As a result he had come to conclusion that neutron stars can have any masses. My approximate computation also shows that the minimal possible neutron star can have a mass, about one thousand of nucleon masses. Such embryos of neutron star can by made in collider.
Not long ago the new strange unexpected particle was discovered at the Tevatron collider. It decays at several muons, up to eight units. Somebody had already named it the Halloween particle. I named it the muon hole. What will be made the next? The magnetic trap of Devil?
Majority of contemporary physicists imagine quark-gluon plasma as a suck with peas. That is a very dangerous imagination. Particles are not points with labels, where their quantum properties were written. Particles are not the material essences, independent of space-time; they are just space-time elements, strings.
Dear reader, the situation is extremely serious. The physics now is in the deep crisis. Theorists, in order to save their religious Big Bang theory, invented “the dark energy" as a new either. They want now to test their wretched theories at the powerful Large Hadron Collider.
Those persons, with high ranks and high scientific degrees, who cry about the safety of LHC, had already made a crime now. The LHC was launched despite the fact that there were court trials. The Earth could be exploded the 21 of September 2008, but the accident, which had happened two days earlier, had saved us. Scientists-criminals continue to lie about the safety of the LHC, and are preparing the global terrorist crime now.
Dear reader! Big Bang adherents can lead the Earth to the utter destruction. Particle collisions with the energy more then 1 TeV must be prohibited by the international law. The science must be cleared from the Big Bang delusion. Big-bangers want to touch the particle of God, but thus, they lead us into the magnetic trap of Devil. People, will you silently endure the massacre?
Some documents and links.
In November 2008, I arrived to Moscow in order to file a lawsuit against the Russian Academy of Sciences and against the most active propagandists/promoters of the LHC launch. Unfortunately, for the lack of funds, I could not did it then.
In late November at the "meeting of four" there was decided to hear my report "What will LHC give us, the particle of God, or magnetic trap of Devil?" at a workshop in one of the leading institutions of Moscow. But later, I received a "retreat" from this institution.
In December, I sent the Letter to the President of Russia. In January, I received an answer in which it was stated that my letter was forwarded to the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In December, I sent the Letters to the Prosecutors Office of the Russian Federation. Soon after, I received the answer stating that my letter "was sent for review in the prescribed manner".
In the end of January I returned to Feodosia (Ukraine) and continued to inform about the risks of the global catastrophe. You can read some letters, which were send to the Google groups, - just click my Google-profile.
Reproduction of biospheres and civilizations. Who are you, dear reader: "a cell of good reason", "a curiosity cell", or "thoughtless muscular cell"?
Magnetic trap of Devil. Recent calculations show that it is not excluded that microscopic magnetic traps were already created, and they are growing now somewhere inside the Earth.
Arguments, proving that "The LHC will lead to global catastrophe"; "Magnetic holes exist"; "We will not be able to prevent the LHC launch and the following global catastrophe". Religious and mystic arguments.
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