- All Term Definitions (A-Z) -

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - W - X - Y

A D J R
Addiction Dailup JPEG Racism
Address Bus Data K RAM
ALU Data Bus Keyboard Repeater
Anchor Data Series L ROM
Animate Decrease Decimal LAN Router
Anti-Virus Software Directories Laptop Rows
Application Software Disk Drive Legend S
Area Chart DNS Line Graph Search Engine
ARPnet Document Sharing M Shopping Cart
ASCII Code Drawing View Magnetic Disk Slide Layout
Asynchronous Communication Driver Mailing List Slide Sort View
AVERAGE Function DVD Mainframe Slide Transition
B E Manual Transition Slides
Backgrounds EBCDIC Memory Software
Bandwidth E-Commerce Microprocessor Sound Card
Bar Graph Encryption Software Mini Computer Storage
Base Station Ethernet Modem SUM Function
Binary Code Ethernet Backbone Motherboard Super Computer
Bit Expansion Slot Mouse Switch
Broadband F Multi-Point System Case
Bus Fast Ethernet N T
Button File Server Navigation Tags Tables
Byte File Server-Network Netiquette TCP/IP
C File Transfer Network Text Editor
Cable Modem Firewall Nodes Tick Marks & Tick Mark Labels
Cache Memory Floppy Disk O TIFF
Cell Formula Object Time Zones
Cell Reference Formula Bar Off the Cuff Traffic
Cellphone Frames Operating System Software Transistors
Chart Area G Operator Trojan Horses
Chart Title GIF OSI U
Chart Type Gridline Outline View URL
Chart Wall H Output Device W
Chassis Hacking P WAN
Chat Hard Disk Packet-Switching Web Browser
Chatroom Hardware Panduit Box Whiteboard
Child Pornography Hate Literature PCS Wireless Devices
Chip Hexadecimal Percent Style World Wide Web
Chipset HTML Personal Computer Worms
Circuit Board HTML Tags Pie Graph X
Clock Speed Hub Plot Area X Axis
Column Graph Hypertext Links Point to Point Y
Columns I Pornography Y Axis
Communication Devices Increase Decimal Postage Stamp Images Yahoo!
Compact Disk Index.html Presentation Program
Computer Infection Printer
Connector Head Input Device
Control Bus Instruction Set
Control Unit Internal Bus
Cookie Internal Clock
Copyrighting Internet
CPU IP Address
Currency Style ISDN
Cyberspace


Addiction

The condition of being habitually or compulsively occupied with or involved in something.

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Address Bus

The connections between the CPU and memory which carry the address from/to which the CPU wishes to read or write. The number of bits of address bus determines the maximum size of memory, which the processor can access.

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ALU

The part of the central processing unit which performs operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication of integers and bit-wise AND, OR, NOT, XOR and other Boolean operations. The CPU's instruction decode logic determines which particular operation the ALU should perform, the source of the operands and the destination of the result.

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Anchor

An anchor is an HTML tag that marks a specific point in an HTML document as either the source or destination of a hypertext links. This allows you to create links from one hypertext document to another, as well as to different sections within the same document.

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Animate

The process to make images move within the workspace.

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Anti-Virus Software

A utility that searches a hard disk for viruses and removes any that are found. Most anti-virus programs include an auto-update feature that enables the program to download profiles of new viruses so that it can check for the new viruses as soon as they are discovered.

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Application Software

Programs that help people accomplish specific tasks.

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Area Chart

The area in which the image of the chart takes up. Similar to chart area.

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ARPnet

Advanced Research Projects Administration Network -- The computer network system that gave birth to the internet. ARPANET began in 1969 as a U.S. Department of Defense experiment in packet-switched networking.

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ASCII Code

American Standard Code for Information Interchange -- Standard code which numbers stand for a specific letter/number

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Asynchronous Communication

Not synchronized; that is, not occurring at predetermined or regular intervals. The term asynchronous is usually used to describe communications in which data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream. For example, a telephone conversation is asynchronous because both parties can talk whenever they like. If the communication were synchronous, each party would be required to wait a specified interval before speaking.

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AVERAGE Function

A function to get the average for specified numbers. Micrsoft Excel's formula for this function is " =average(A2,B3) ". A2 and B3 can be substituted for the cells you would like averaged out.

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Backgrounds

The background is like a canvas on top of which text, characters and graphics are placed. Some monitors allow you to control the color or shading of the background.

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Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be passed along a communications channel in a given period of time.

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Bar Graph

Data which is shown in a graph, as bars, which go horizontal. The length of the bar determines the amount each variable is.

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Base Station

A networking component of a mobile communications system from which all signals are sent and received. Also known as a "base transceiver station" or more commonly, a "cellphone tower".

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Binary Code

Computer function in base 2. Can only be done in an on and off switch language. 0 stands for "off" & 1 stands for "on".

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Bit

One "switch" from the binary code is a bit.

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Broadband

A type of data transmission in which a single medium (wire) can carry several channels at once. CableTV, for example, uses broadband transmission. In contrast, baseband transmission allows only one signal at a time.

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Bus

Path between components of a computer.

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Button

A button is a small outlined area in a dialog box that you can click to select an option or command.

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Byte

A byte is eight bits added up.

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Cable Modem

A modem designed to operate over cable TV lines. Because the coaxial cable, used by cable TV, provides much greater bandwidth than telephone lines, a cable modem can be used to achieve extremely fast access to the World Wide Web. This, combined with the fact that millions of homes are already wired for cable TV, has made the cable modem something of a holy grail for internet and cable TV companies.

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Cache Memory

Stored information for faster retrieval instead of retrieving the information the long way.

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Cell

A single box for text within a spreadsheet. Used mainly to enter text, numerical value, or a formula.

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Cell Reference

A reference to a cell or group of cells by indicating it's cordinates. Usually, columns are marked by letters, and rows are marked by numbers. For example, if you wanted to refer to the cell in column C and in row 32, you would say C32.

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Cellphone

A mobile telephone.

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Chart Area

The area in which the image of the chart takes up on the screen. Similar to area chart.

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Chart Title

The title of the chart.

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Chart Type

The screen where you can choose the type of graph or chart you will create. (Column Graph, Bar Graph, Line Graph etc.)

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Chart Wall

The dimensions of the area around the 3-D chart.

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Chassis

The framework to which the components of a radio, television, or other electronic equipment are attached.

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Chat

Real-time communication between two users via computer. Once a chat has been initiated, either user can enter text by typing on the keyboard and the entered text will appear on the other user's monitor. Most networks and online services offer a chat feature.

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Chatroom

A chatroom is a chat with multiple people at once.

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Child Pornography

Illegal writing, images or pictures of children under the age of 18 which are designed to provide sexual pleasure.

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Chip

An integrated circuit that is a thin piece of silicon that contains all the components of an electric circuit.

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Chipset

A collection of integrated circuits that are designed to be used together for some specific purpose. An example is to control circuitry in a personal computer.

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Circuit Board

A rigid rectangular card containing the circuitry that connects the processor to the other hardware.

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Clock Speed

The fundamental rate in "cycles per second" at which a computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two numbers or transfering a value from one register to another.

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Column Graph

Data which is shown in a graph, as bars, which go vertically. The height of the bar determines the amount each variable is.

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Columns

A column is a vertical row of cells. Spreadsheet columns are usually identified by letters.

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Communication Devices

An input device or output device used to connect one computer to another in order to share hardware and information. The family of devies include modems and network interface cards.

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Compact Disk

Widely known as CD. It is identical to audio CDs that can store about 450 times as much information as a diskette. Most common CD can hold 700MB of data.

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Computer

A device that computes. More commonly, a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.

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Connector Head

The direct piece that connects the external device from the wire to the computer.

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Control Bus

The physical connections that carry control information between the CPU and other devices within the computer.

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Control Unit

The part of the CPU responsible for performing the machine cycle - fetch, decode, execute, store.

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Cookie

A message given to a web browser by a web server. The web browser stores the message in a text file called cookie.txt. The message is then sent back to the server each time the web browser requests a page from the server. The main purpose of cookies is to identify users and possibly prepare customized web pages for them.

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Copyrighting

The legal right granted to an author, composer, playwright, publisher, or distributor to exclusive publication, production, sale, or distribution of a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work.

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CPU

Central Processing Unit -- Refers to the computer's processing hardware, whether it consists of a single chip or several circuit boards.

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Currency Style

The option to change a number into dollar amount, which uses dollars and cents.

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Cyberspace

A term used to describe a vast electronic network in which everyday tasks such as banking, research and communication are conducted via the computer.

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Dailup

The internet which is connected through the phone line. Commonly connected through a 28k modem or 56k modem.

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Data

Raw facts that the computer can manipulate.

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Data Bus

A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another.

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Data Series

Individual ranges inside the data range to be plotted.

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Decrease Decimal

The option to decrease the amount of places after the decimal.

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Directories

A directory is a system that your computer uses to organize files on the basis of specific information. Directories can be organized hierarchically so that files appear in a number of different ways, such as the order in which they were created, alphabetically, by name or by type, and other ways.

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Disk Drive

A device that holds a disk.

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DNS

Domain Name System -- A general-purpose distributed, replicated, data query service chiefly used on internet for translating hostnames into internet addresses.

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Document Sharing

To allow a document to be accessed by another person or node on a network.

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Drawing View

To be able to change the options of a specific image or clip-art. For example, to make it overlap another image, flip the image, or to rotate it and more.

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Driver

A program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device.

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DVD

Digital Versatile Disk -- Same size as a compact disk, but can store much more information.

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EBCDIC

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code -- A standard code that uses 8 bits to represent each of up to 256 alphanumeric characters.

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E-Commerce

Conducting business on-line. This includes, for example, buying and selling products with digital cash and via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

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Encryption Software

The translation of data into a secret code. Encryption is the most effective way to achieve data security. To read an encrypted file, you must have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it. Unencrypted data is called plain text ; encrypted data is referred to as cipher text.

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Ethernet

The most common network protocol which usually is implemented using twisted pair wires. It requires each computer on the network to take turns to send data. A network technology known as 10Base-T which travels at 10Mgb/s.

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Ethernet Backbone

The central structure that connects other elements of the network and handles the major traffic in the system.

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Expansion Slot

A connector designed to allow the addition of other circuit boards to the motherboard.

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Fast Ethernet

A networking technology known as 100Base-T. It uses the same network cabling scheme as ethernet, but uses different network interface cards to achieve data transfer speeds of up to 100Mgb/s.

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File Server

The central computer of a network used for shared storage. The server stores software applications and databases.

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File Server-Network

A hierarchal network strategy in which the server is used to store and forward files to node. Each node runs its own application.

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File Transfer

To send a file to another person or node on a network or over the internet.

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Firewall

An anti-piracy method of protecting networks. A network node that acts as a gateway, permitting access to public sections while protecting proprietary areas.

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Floppy Disk

A reusable magnetic disk that uses a thin mylar circular disk as the storage surface. Most commonly found to hold a maximum of 1.35MB.

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Formula

A formula is an expression that defines how one cell relates to other cells. For example, you might define cell C5 (column C, row 5) with the formula. An example of a formula is the AVERAGE function and SUM function.

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Formula Bar

A text bar which appears above the spreadsheet document. If you click on a cell, the contents of that cell would be displayed there. You can then edit and add to the cells from this area.

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Frames

A feature supported by most modern web browsers than enables the web author to divide the web browser display area into two or more sections (frames). The contents of each frame are taken from a different web page documents. Frames provide great flexibility in designing web pages, but many designers avoid them because they are supported unevenly by current web browsers. An example of frames is this website. This website is done in 3 frames.

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GIF

Graphics Interchange Format -- A graphics file format that uses a compression scheme originally developed by CompuServe. Since, GIF files are compressed, the file can be quickly and easily transmitted over a network.

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Gridline

The line that marks each value both vertically and horiztonally.

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Hacking

To modify or enter a program or location through electronical means. Often in an unauthorized manner, by changing the code itself.

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Hard Disk

A non-removable magnetic disk on which you can store computer data. Can hold anywhere from a few MB to a few GB.

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Hardware

Any part of the computer you can touch such as the keyboard, or the monitor.

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Hate Literature

Writings or literature that is putting down, or is hateful towards another person or literature.

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Hexadecimal

Refers to the base-16 number system, which consists of 16 unique symbols: the numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A to F. For example, the decimal number 15 is represented as F in the hexadecimal numbering system

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HTML

Hypertext Markup Language -- A computer language used to create hypertext documents. HTML uses a finite list of tags that describe the general structure of various kinds of documents linked together on the World Wide Web.

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HTML Tags

Tags are descriptive formatting codes used in HTML. Documents that instruct a web browers how to display text and graphics on a web page. For example, to make text bold, the tag < b > is used at the beginning and end of the text.

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Hub

Distributes the signal to several computers.

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Hypertext Links

The use of hypertext is a way of presenting information in which text, sounds, images, and actions are linked together in a way that allows you to jump around between them in whatever order you choose. This is a hypertext link.

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Increase Decimal

The option to increase the amount of places after the decimal.

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Index.html

Always the main page of the web site. The default starting point of a folder. If you click index.html, it will take you to the index of this webpage. Press BACK to get back to this page.

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Infection

When the computer has within itself a worm, virus or trojan horse.

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Input Device

Accepts data and instructions from the user. Examples are the keyboard, trackball, mouse, joysticks, scanners, digital cameras, microphones.

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Instruction Set

The collection of machine language instructions, that only a particular processor understands.

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Internal Bus

Takes information and distributes it to all main components of a computer.

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Internal Clock

A processor's clock or one cycle thereof. The relative execution times of instructions on the computer are usually measured by number of clock cycles rather than seconds. One good reason for this is that clock rates for various models of the computer may increase as technology improves, and it is usually the relative times one is interested in when discussing the instruction set.

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Internet

A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions.

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IP Address

Internet Provider Address -- A unique four part numeric address assigned to each computer on the internet, containing routing information to indicate its location. Each of the four parts is a number between 0 and 255. Example, 11.234.15.9

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ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network -- A digital communications standard that replaces analog transmissions and transmits, video and data.

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JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group -- An industry committee that developed a compression standard for still images. JPEG refers to the graphics file format that uses this compression standard. You will find JPEG files on the World Wide Web with the file extension .JPG or .JPEG

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Keyboard

A hardware device consisting of a number of mechanical buttons (keys) which the user presses to input characters to a computer. This device is known as an input device.

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LAN

Local Area Network -- A system of computer that are located relatively near to one another and are connected by wire or a wireless link. A LAN permits simultaneous access to data and resources, enhances personal communication and simplifies backup procedures.

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Laptop

A portable, mobile computer. Also, commonly called a notebook computer.

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Legend

A section on a graph or chart which tells you what each item represents. Usually the legend will tell you what symbol or color represents what.

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Line Graph

A graph which lines connect to the values in the graph.

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Magnetic Disk

A round, flat object that spins around its center which data is encoded into as microscopic magnetized needles on the surface. You can record and erase data on the magnetic disk any number of times, just as you can with a cassette tape.

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Mailing List

A list of e-mail addresses identified by a single name, such as mail-list@sandybay.com. When an e-mail message is sent to the mailing list name, it is automatically forwarded to all the addresses in the list.

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Mainframe

A large powerful computer, often serving as the center-point of many connected terminals and usually used by large complex organizations.

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Manual Transition

The process of moving from one slide to another, with the click of the mouse while presenting.

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Memory

A place to store information, generally two different types. They are RAM and ROM.

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Microprocessor

The “brain” of the computer, the part that organizes and carries out instructions that come from either the user or the software.

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Mini Computer

Commonly a computer built between about 1963 and 1987. It is smaller and less powerful than a mainframe, and typically about the size and shape of a wardrobe, mounted in a single tall rack.

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Modem

Modulator-Demodulator -- A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over telephone lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem converts between these two forms.

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Motherboard

The main circuit board of the computers housing the microprocessor and provides the means of connecting all components that make up the computer.

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Mouse

The mouse is a device used to manipulate an on-screen pointer that's normally shaped like an arrow. With the mouse in hand, the computer user can select, move, and change items on the screen. This device is known as an input device.

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Multi-Point

Multi-point allows a videoconference with more than two sites. For example if you have offices both interstate and overseas with Sony's unique Multi-point software you can connect four different sites to be involved in the one videoconference meeting. Other videoconference systems do not have this multi-point option; therefore you would have to link up to an external video bridge to achieve a four-way call.

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Navigation Tags

Hyptertext links that help you navigate the site easier. Most common ones are back, forward, and home.

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Netiquette

Internet Etiquette -- The etiquette guidelines for posting messages to online services, and particularly internet newsgroups. Netiquette covers not only rules to maintain civility in discussions (i.e., avoiding flames), but also special guidelines unique to the electronic nature of forum messages. For example, netiquette advises users to use simple formats because complex formatting may not appear correctly for all readers. In most cases, netiquette is enforced by fellow users who will vociferously object if you break a rule of netiquette.

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Network

A system of interconnected computers that communicate with one another and share applications, data and hardware components.

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Nodes

The individual computers that make up a network.

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Object

Generally, any item that can be individually selected and manipulated. This can include shapes and pictures that appear on a display screen as well as less tangible software entities. In object-oriented programming, for example, an object is a self-contained entity that consists of both data and procedures to manipulate the data.

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Off the Cuff

Phrases using word, numbers and symbols. For example, using 123@abc.com.

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Operating System Software

Tells the computer how to use its own component. Examples of some are Linux, Mac OS, or most commonly used, Microsoft Windows.

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Operator

A symbol that represents a specific action. For example, a plus sign (+) is an operator that represents addition. The basic mathematic operators are + addition, - subtraction,* multiplication,/ division.

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OSI

Open Systems Interconnect -- A model of network architecture and a suite of protocols, a protocol stack, to implement it. Developed by ISO in 1978 as a framework for international standards in heterogeneous computer network architecture.

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Outline View

This option allows you to organize and develop the content of your presentation. You can type all of the text of your presentation and rearrange bullet points, paragraphs, and slides. This also allows you to name your slides so that it is easier to call up the preferred slide.

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Output Device

Return processed data back to the user. Examples of these are monitors, and printers.

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Packet-Switching

Refers to protocols, in which messages are divided into packets before they are sent. Each packet is then transmitted individually and can even follow different routes to its destination. Once all the packets forming a message arrive at the destination, they are recompiled into the original message.

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Panduit Box

Electronic box in the data closet which all the computers are connected.

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PCS

Personal Communications Service -- A U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) term used to describe a set of digital cellular technologies being deployed in the U.S. PCS is a second generation mobile communications technology. Three of the most important distinguishing features of PCS systems are:

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Percent Style

The option to change a number into a percentage.

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Personal Computer

A small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. They usually range anywhere from a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games or accessing the internet.

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Pie Graph

A graph in which the data is shown as a whole, in the form of a circle.

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Plot Area

The area on a chart in which the data is displayed, for the X axis and Y axis.

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Point to Point

One computer connected directly to another computer.

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Pornography

Writing, images or pictures which are designed to provide sexual pleasure.

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Postage Stamp Images

A thumbnail size or miniature display of a picture to be viewed.

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Presentation Program

A program that allows you to present an electronic project on a computer which includes slides. An common example of a presentation program is Microsoft PowerPoint.

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Printer

A device that prints text or graphics on paper. This device is known as an output device.

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Racism

Discrimination or prejudice based on race.

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RAM

Random Access Memory -- Temporary storage that form the computer's primary workspace; contents are lost if the power is disrupted.

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Repeater

A device that will rebroadcast a network signal, allowing it to travel longer distances. They have little or no effect on the speed of a network signal.

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ROM

Read Only Memory -- Storage memory chips that are able to maintain their contents if the power is disrupted.

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Router

A device that intelligently connects networks to each other. The same protocol must be used over both networks. A router forwards only the traffic that has a destination outside the sender's immediate network.

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Rows

A row is a horizontal collection of cells. Spreadsheet rows are usually identified by numbers.

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Search Engine

A program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. Although search engine is really a general class of programs, the term is often used to specifically describe systems like Yahoo! and Google that enable users to search for documents on the World Wide Web and USENET newsgroups.

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Shopping Cart

A shopping cart is a piece of software that acts as an online store's catalog and ordering process. Typically, a shopping cart is the interface between a company's web site and its deeper infrastructure, allowing consumers to select merchandise; review what they have selected; make necessary modifications or additions; and purchase the merchandise.

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Slide Layout

The screen where you can change the type of slide or layout of the slide. Examples of slides to choose from are, blank slides, chart & text slides, clip-art and text slides, title slides and more.

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Slide Sort View

A place where you can view thumbnails of each slide. You are also able to drag and drop the slides into the preferred order.

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Slide Transition

The process of moving from one slide to another during a presentation. The two options for slide transition is to use manual transition, or timed transition.

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Slides

A single card or frame for a presentation. Multiple slides can be obtained by inserting a new slide.

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Software

Sets of electronic instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

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Sound Card

A plug-in optional circuit card for a computer. It provides high-quality stereo sound through speakers. This device is known as an output device.

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Storage

A device which holds data.

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SUM Function

A function used to get the sum of all the specified numbers. Micrsoft Excel's formula for this function is " =sum(A2,B3) ". A2 and B3 can be substituted for the cells you would like added up.

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Super Computer

A mainframe computer that is among the largest, fastest, or most powerful of those available at a given time.

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Switch

Controls the traffic in different areas of the network.

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System Case

The computer tower’s casing. It contains the floppy disk drive, cd-rom drive, motherboard and other essential components.

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Tables

An orderly arrangement of data, especially one in which the data are arranged in columns and rows in an essentially rectangular form. Here is an example of tables that you can see.

You are
viewing tables!

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TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol -- The set of commands and timing specifications used by internet to connect dissimilar systems and control the flow of information.

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Text Editor

An application that can be used to create, view and edit text files.

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Tick Marks & Tick Mark Labels

The numbers that identify major units of possible data values along an axis (such as units of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000, etc.). Oftentimes, only every other (or every fourth) tick mark is labeled to keep the chart from being too cluttered.

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TIFF

Tagged Image File Format -- One of the most widely supported file formats for storing bit-mapped images on personal computers.

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Time Zones

Any of the 24 longitudinal divisions of Earth's surface in which a standard time is kept, the primary division being that bisected by the Greenwich meridian. Each zone is 15° of longitude in width, with local variations, and observes a clock time one hour earlier than the zone immediately to the east.

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Traffic

The load on a communications device or system. One of the principal jobs of a system administrator is to monitor traffic levels and take appropriate actions when traffic becomes heavy.

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Transistors

Several million tiny electronic switches.

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Trojan Horses

A destructive program that masquerades as a benign application. Unlike viruses, trojan horses do not replicate themselves but they can be just as destructive. One of the most insidious types of trojan horse is a program that claims to rid your computer of viruses but instead introduces viruses onto your computer. To rid the computer or a trojan horse, an anti-virus program is used.

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URL

Uniform Resource Locator -- A standard way of specifying the location of an object, typically a web page, on the internet. URLs are the form of address used on the World-Wide Web. This is the URL for Google: http://www.google.com.

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WAN

Wide Area Network -- - A computer network in which two or more LANs are connected together across a wide geographical area.

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Web Browser

A software application used to locate and display web pages.

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Whiteboard

An area on a display screen that multiple users can write or draw on. Whiteboards are a principal component of teleconferencing applications because they enable visual as well as audio communication.

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Wireless Devices

Devices that are used without wires or cables. They are used with either radio transmission waves or sensors.

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World Wide Web

An internet client-server hypertext distributed information retrieval system which originated from the CERN High-Energy Physics laboratories in Geneva, Switzerland.

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Worms

A program or algorithm that replicates itself over a computer network and usually performs malicious actions, such as using up the computer's resources and possibly shutting the system down.

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X Axis

The line on a graph or chart that goes horizontally.

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Y Axis

The line on a graph or chart that goes vertically.

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Yahoo!

One of the biggest, and most famous search engines avaliable on the internet.

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