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cute bear rolling on the ice
A. Order - Carnivora.
The scientific order Carnivora includes bears, dogs, cats, raccoons, otters, weasels, and their relatives. All typical carnivores have well developed claws and a pair of specialized cheek teeth for cutting hard foods. B. Family - Ursidae.
All bears belong to this family. The family is divided into three subfamilies, Ursinae (black bears, brown bears, polar bears, sloth bears, and sun bears), Tremarctinae (spectacled bears), and Ailuropodinae (giant pandas). C. Genus, species - Ursus maritimus.
1. There are five other species in the genus Ursus: brown bears, American black bears, Asiatic black bears, sun bears, and sloth bears. Species can be distinguished by size, build, coloration, and habitat. 2. Ursus maritimus is Latin for "sea bear".
D. Fossil record.
The oldest known polar bear fossil is less than 100,000 years old. Polar bears probably developed during the Pleistocene era from an ancestral brown bear. Polar bears and brown bears are still closely related; when cross-bred, they produce fertile offspring.


How They Communicate with Others

how nice of the cub with the mother
A. Vocalizations.
1. Adult polar bears vocalize most when they're agitated or threatened. Sounds include hissing, growling, champing of teeth, and soft chuffing. 2. Cubs vocalize more often and for diverse reasons. Sounds include hissing, squalling, whimpering, lip smacking, and throaty rumblings. 3. Mothers warn cubs with a chuffing or braying sound. B. Other communication.
1. Polar bears also communicate through sight, touch, and smell. 2. A male polar bear initiates play fighting by approaching another male with its head down, mouth closed, and eyes averted. The bears usually make contact by gently touching or "mouthing" each other around the face and neck. They then proceed to rear up on their hind legs and try to push each other over with their forepaws. 3. A mother polar bear can comfort, protect, or punish her cubs by using her body, muzzle, or paws.
B. Habitat.

how close

1. Polar bears inhabit Arctic sea ice, water, islands, and continental coastlines.
2. Polar bears prefer sea ice habitat with leads, next to continental coastlines or islands(Stirling, 1993).

3. Some polar bears spend part of the year on land. 4. Air temperatures in the Arctic average -34C (-29F) in winter and 0C (32F) in summer. The coldest area in winter is northeastern Siberia, where the temperature has been recorded as low as -69C (-92F). The warmest areas in summer are inland regions of Siberia, Alaska, and Canada where temperatures can reach as high as 32C (90F). 5. The ocean temperatures in the Arctic are about -1.5C (29F) in summer. In winter the ocean temperatures can drop to -2C (28F), at which point seawater freezes.
The ocean and its inhabitants fascinate me, and this fascination leads to a quest for knowledge and deeper understanding. Although it is myintent to provide you with the most accurate information available, it is possible that some of this information may change as research continues and new discoveries are made. The nature of science is ever-changing.

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