B 0 0 K C O N T E N T S
IN THE BEGINNING, A
PRAIRIE…………………………..…….… 1
RED WORLD………….………………………...……………..…....
16
WHITE WORLD……………………………………..………....……
46
BEGINNING OF THE
END…………….……………………...…… 76
TECUMSEH’S PAN INDIAN
UNION……………………….……...105
ERA OF THE WAR
TWINS……………………………….…...…...140
A DOZEN YEARS OF FRICTION………………………….………168
TWILIGHT DESCENDS, THE DISPLACEMENT
BEGINS..….…200
BLACK HAWK’S WAR—STILLMAN’S RUN……………...…….
244
BLACK HAWK’S WAR—WISCONSIN HEIGHTS………………
272
BLACK HAWKS WAR—MASSACRE AT BAD AXE…………..
300
CAPTIVITY AND FINAL YEARS…………………..………...….…
336 EPILOGUE………………………………………………………....… 352
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………….……………………….
378
DIGITAL IMAGE
CREDITS………………...……………………..... 381
INDEX……………………………………………………………….. 383
_CHAPTER
1_
Glacial Drift
Patterns in Illinois
Map of New
World in 1650
Father Marquette
Rene Robert Cavalier (LaSalle)
LaSalle on the
Mississippi River
Fort Frontenac
(Kingston)
Calumet of
Peace (pipe)
Comte de
Frontenac
Chief Pontiac
Murder of
Pontiac
Territorial
Growth of U.S.—1790
_CHAPTER
2_
Christopher
Columbus
Jean Nicollet
Meets the Sea People
Radisson and Des Groseilliers
Locations of
Tribes in the NW Territory
Proclamation
of 1763
Saukie
Warrior, His Wife, and a Boy
Lacrosse Match
Antoine Le Claire
Page from the
1833 Autobiography
Hodensode or
Long House
Dance to the
Berdache—Saukie
Saukenuk and
Rock Island area
_CHAPTER 3_
First Quebec Settlement—1608
Samuel de Champlain
Replica of a
Blunderbus
French Coureurs de Bois (Voyageurs)
A Indian
Fishing Wier
Father Claude-Jean Allouez
Indians and
Traders
Fort
Michilimackinac
Period Map of
Northwest Territory
Fort Detroit
(Fort Pontchartrain under the French)
Territorial
Growth of the U.S.—1775
George
Washington
Patrick Henry
NW Territory
after the Revolution
Brigadier-General
Josiah Harmar
_CHAPTER
4_
William Henry
Harrison (1804)
1st
Division of Northwest Territory—1800
2nd
Division of NW Territory—1804
Pirogue
Replica of a
Keelboat
Route of NW
Passage Expedition
Auguste Chouteau
Thomas Jefferson
Pierre Chouteau
General James
Wilkinson
3rd
Division of NW Territory—1805
Zebulon
Montgomery Pike
Bateau
North West
Company logo
Fort St. Anthony
Nickolas
Boilvin
_CHAPTER
5_
Tecumseh
Arthur St.
Clair
Major-General
‘Mad’ Anthony Wayne
Little Turtle
Tenskwatawa
(Shawnee Prophet)
John Adams
William Henry
Harrison (1812)
Pushmataha
Battle of
Tippecanoe
General Isaac
Brock
Siege of Fort
Meigs
War of 1812
poster
Map of Battle
of the Thames
Battle of the
Thames
_CHAPTER
6_
Henry Dearborn
4th
Division of NW Territory—1809
Map of Fort
Malden/Amherstburg area
Henry Clay
Corps Seal of
Robert Dickson
James Madison
Attack on Fort
Stephenson
Oliver Hazard
Perry
Prairie du
Chien
The Northern Frontier 1783--1812
_CHAPTER
7_
Bounty Lands
for Veterans of 1812
James Monroe
John C.
Calhoun
Missouri
Governor William Clark
Henry Rowe
Schoolcraft
John Quincy
Adams
Territorial
Growth of the U.S.—1820
_CHAPTER
8_
Illinois
Governor Ninian Edwards
General Henry
‘White Beaver’ Atkinson
Joseph M.
Street
Lewis Cass
George
Davenport
Territorial
Growth of the U.S.—1830
Andrew Jackson
Illinois
Governor John Reynolds
General Edmund
P. Gaines
Major John
Bliss
Brigadier-General
Joseph Duncan
Sturgeon Head,
Sac Chief
Fort
Armstrong, Rock Island
Jefferson
Barracks, St Louis
_CHAPTER
9_
Major-General
Alexander Macomb
Black Hawk (by
Catlin)
Keokuk
Winnesheik
(Winnebago Prophet)
Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien
Munster Roll
of Capt. Lincoln
Captain
Abraham Lincoln
John Dixon
Major David
Bailey
Major Isaiah
Stillman
Captain Elijah
Iles
Shabbona,
Potawatomi Chief
Fort Locations
During 1832
Military
Command Structure in 1832
_CHAPTER
10_
General Samuel
Whiteside
Rachael Munson
(nee Hall)
Sylvia Horn
(nee Hall)
Indian Creek
Monument
Dixon’s Ferry
Colonel Henry
Dodge
Chicago—1837(by
Catlin)
Colonel Nathan
Boone
Colonel
Zachary Taylor
_CHAPTER
11_
Overview map
of Black Hawk’s Route
Captain
Augustin Grignon
View of the
Mississippi at the Bad Axe
Massacre at
Bad Axe
Lieutenant
Robert Anderson
General
Winfield Scott
Headquarters
of Scott at Rock Island
Black Hawk’s
Surrender
Jefferson
Davis
Map of Sac
& Fox Land Cessions
Pa-she-pa-ho,
Head chief of the Sac
Black Hawk in
Chains
Keokuk on
Horseback
Territorial
Growth of U.S. after 1832
_CHAPTER
12_
Black Hawk and
Son (by Jarvis)
Black Hawk in
native attire
Chief Wapello
Black Hawk in
uniform (by King)
Funeral of
Black Hawk—Saukie
Six faces of
Black Hawk
_CHAPTER
13_
Bill Leaf and
Wife
Papoose Board
Jesse
Ka-ka-que, Great-grandson
Logan Ka-ka-que, grandson
Top of Black
Hawk’s Watchtower
Jesse
Ka-ka-que & Family in 1916
Black Hawk’s
Retreat through Wisc.
Our Indian Wards; Mannypenny, George W. , (Cincinnati, 1880)
Zebulon M. Pike: Exploratory Travels through the Western
Territories...Performed
in the Years 1805, 1806, 1807...Denver(1889)
Zebulon M. Pike: The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike
to the Headwaters
of the Mississippi River, Through Louisiana
Territory, and in New Spain,
During the Years 1805-6-7. ed. by Elliot Coues, 3 vols. New York(1895)
Reynolds, John: My Own Times: Embracing Also the History of My Life,
Chicago(1879)
Stevens, Frank E.: The Black Hawk War Including a Review of Black Hawk’s Life,
Chicago(1903) biased against the Indians
Illinois in the War of 1812-1814: Transactions of the Illinois
State Historical Society
for 1904
Stillman’s Defeat: Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for 1902
Prairie du Chien: French, British, American; Menasha, Wisconsin(1937)
Prairie du Chien Documents 1814-1815; Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. IX
(1882)
Nicholas Boilvin, Indian Agent; Scanlan, Peter Lawerence, Wisconsin Magazine of
History, Vol.XXVII (December, 1943)
Papers from the Canadian Archives 1767-1814; Wisconsin Historical Collections,
Vol.XII (1892)
Scanlan, Charles M.: Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of Hall Girls,
Milwaukee(1915)
Mahan, Bruce E.: Old Fort Crawford and the Frontier, Iowa City(1926)
Edwards, Ninian W.: History
of Illinois from 1778 to 1833 and Life and Times of
Ninian Edwards, Springfield(1870)
1755 Gentlemen’s Magazine; a 1755 map of the British and
French settlements in
North America, published in London,
England
1919 Report of the Commission to
Locate the Site of the Frontire Forts of
Pennsylvania—Vol. I and II, Second edition, Thomas Lynch
Montgomery, ed.,
Harrisburg, PA., Wm. Stanley Ray,
State Printer
1931 The Writings of George
Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources:
1745-1799—Prepared under the direction of the United States
George
Washington Bicentennial Commission
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: edited by Frederick Webb Hodge
(Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bultn. 30. GPO: 1910.)
Black Hawk: A Reassessment , from The
Annals of Iowa, 45 (1981), pg 599-619;
John E. Hallwas
The Indian Autobiography: Origins, Type and Function; American Literature, 53
(1981), pg 22-42; Arnold
Krupat
Letter book of Thomas Forsyth;
Wisc. Hist. Coll., XI (1888)
Louise Phelps Kellogg; The British Regime in Wisconsin and the Northwest, pg 292
1829 Wisconsin Historical Collections, (Map of the United States Lead Mines on the
Upper Mississippi River, Drawn and Published by R.W. Chandler of Galena)
Wisc. Hist. Coll., XI, 1888, pg 400
Black Hawk, An Autobiogrphy; ed. Donald Jackson (Urbana: University of Illionis
Press, 1964) Exclusive passages recounting events
attributed to Black
Hawk are derived from this source.
That Disgraceful Affair, The Black Hawk War; by Cecil Eby
The Sauks and the Black Hawk War; by G.H. Armstrong
The Sac and Fox Indians; by William T. Hagan (Norman University of Oklahoma
Press, 1980)
Documents Relating to the Invasion of Canada and the Surrender of Detroit, 1812;
ed. E.A. Cruikshank (Ottawa, 1912)
Northwest Ordinance: Supplement to the First Volume of the Columbian Magazine;
Philadelphia, 1787
Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois and History of Rock Island County, Vol. II;
Munsell Publishing Company (1914) Chicago
Past and Present of Rock Island County, Illinois; H.F. Kent & Co. (1877) Chicago
American Indians, Volume I; Englewood Cliffs, Salem Press, Inc. (1995
Cunningham,
Maggie: Black Hawk (Story of an American
Indian)
Hanson, Allen S.: Indians of Wisconsin and the Surrounding Area
Handbook of American Indians: North of Mexico; N. Y., Greenwood Press (1969)
Parsens, Elsie Clews: American Indian Life; Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln Press (1922)
Schermer, Shirley J., William
Green and James M. Collins: A
Brief Culture History
of Iowa; University of Iowa (1995) Iowa City
The Penguin Book of Historic Speeches; Brian MacArther, ed, Penguin Books (1996)
Jesuit Relations: Shea, Catholic Church in Colonial Days; American biographies,
Parkman,
LaSalle, De Backer, Bibliotheque de la c. de J. The Catholic
Encyclopedia, Volume I, (1907)
Brown, Craig: The Illustrated History of Canada; Toronto, Lester Publishing (1996)
Bumsted, J. M.: A History of the Canadian Peoples; Toronto, Oxford University
Press (1998)
Callaw, Colin G.: New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans and the Remaking of
Early America; Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press (1997)
Cook, Noble David: Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest 1492-
1650; New York, Cambridge University Press (1998)
Illinois Historical Library
Black Hawk War
Papers. This source includes Atkinson’s Letter Book
and
Order Book, Albert Sidney Johnston’s Journal, and many other valuable items.
Missouri Historical Society
Thomas Forsyth Papers
Pierre Chouteau-Maffitt Collection—contains some correspondence of the
traders at Rock Island.
National Archives
Adjutant General Office files, 1830-33
Black Hawk War Miscellaneous Papers
Letter Books of the Commander of the Western Department 1831-33
Quartermaster Historical file, 1831-32
Secretary of War letters received, sent, and on Indian affairs 1803-33
State Historical Society
of Wisconsin
Nicholas Boilvin Letters, 1811-23. Edited by Marian Scanlan and contains
transcripts and translations of letters in the National Archives.
Cass Letters Received, 1819-31, Photostats of records in the National Archives.
Draper MSS. The Thomas Forsyth Papers were a main source used in this book.
Indian Office Letter Books, 1824-33
Joseph M. Street Papers
Prairie du
Chien MSS
Newspapers
The Galenian (Galena, Illinois) 1832
The Michigan Herald (Detroit, Michigan) 1825-28
The Missouri Republican (St. Louis, Missouri) 1831-32
The Globe (Washington, D.C.) 1831-32
The Sangamo Journal (Springfield, Illinois) 1831-32
The St. Louis Beacon (St. Louis, Missouri) 1831-32
Boilvin, Nicholas: Prairie du Chien in 1811; Wisconsin Historical Collections,
Volume XI, (1888), 247-53
Cleaves, Freeman: Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Times; New
York (1939)
Catlin, George: North American Indians; two volumes, Philadelphia (1857)
Cole, Cyrenus: I am a Man: The Indian Black Hawk; Iowa City (1938)
Cruikshank, Earnest: The
Employment of Indians in the War of 1812 in the American
Association Annual Report for 1895, pg 321-35
Brymner, Douglas: Capture of Fort McKay, Prairie du Chien, in 1814; Wisconsin
Historical Collections, Volume XI, (1888) pg. 257-70
Armstrong, Perry A.: The
Sauks and the Black Hawk War with Biographical
Sketches, Etc.; Springfield, Illinois (1887)
Harrington, M.R.: Sacred
Bundles of the Sac and Fox Indians; University
of
Pennsylvania Anthropological Publications, Volume IV, No.2 (1914)
Snyder, J.F.: The Burial of Black Hawk; Magazine of American History, Volume XV
(May, 1886) pg. 494-99
See other sources on Champlain
in particular those by Bourne and Grant
Crosby, Alfred W.: Ecological Imperialism: The Biological
Expansion of
Europe, 900-1900; New York, Cambridge University
Press (1998)
Eccles, W. J.: The French in North America 1500-1783;
Revised edition,
East Lansing, Michigan State University Press (1998)
Innis, Harold A.: The Fur Trade in Canada, An Introduction to Canadian
Economic History; Revised edition, Toronto,
University of Toronto
Press (1970)
See Department of History, University
of Calgary web link
http://www.ucalgary.ca/HIST/totor/colony/
BHWP = Black
Hawk War Papers (Illinois
Historical Library)
1) Gen. Atkinson
to Scott, July 9, 1832, National
Archives
2) Order 51, July
9, 1832—Atkinson’s Order Book, BHWP
3) Dodge to
Atkinson, July 18, 1832, BHWP
4) Henry to
Atkinson, July 19, 1832, BHWP
5) Dodge to
Atkinson, July 22, 1832, National
Archives
6) Prisoner
Testimony, taken August 20, 1832, National
Archives
7)
A letter from Capt. John Throckmorton to his brother, August
3, 1832 in the New York Mercury, August
29, 1832.
8) Atkinson to
Scott, August 5, 1832, National
Archives
9) Alexander to
Atkinson, August 4, 1832, BHWP
10) Taylor to
Atkinson, August 5, 1832, BHWP
11)
Lt. James W. Kingsburg to Major Hook, August 8, 1832, Quartermaster Historical File, National Archives
12) Lt. Reuben
Holms to Atkinson, August 5, 1832, BHWP
13) Atkinson to
Scott, August 5, 1832, National
Archives
14)
Scott to Cass, August 16, 1832, Secretary
of War-letters Rec’d, National Archives
15) Street to
Scott, August 22, 1832, National
Archives
Page 2 caption: MAP OF NEW WORLD IN 1650
New Map Of
English America: Containing Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Pennsylvania, New
York, New Jersey, New France and newly discovered territories, drawn up
according to the most recent accounts. Author: Sanson,
Nicolas, 1600-1667, Call Number:G33001700.S2, Location: Rare Book and Special
Collections Library (346 Library, Publisher: Chez P. Mortier, Scale:[ca:
1:6,000,000].
Caption: TERRITORIAL GROWTH OF UNITED STATES—1775, 1790, 1820, 1830 From the National atlas of the United States of America (Arch C. Gerlach, editor), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1970
Last updated on NOVEMBER 01, 2002 by J.D. Tipfer