HOMEHerb List
A -B -C -D -E -F -G -H -I -J -K -L -M -N -O -P -Q -R -S -T -U -V -W -X -Y -Z
VITAMIN B12,
Description
Vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin, is unique in being the first cobalt-containing substance found to be essential for longevity, and it is the only vitamin that contains essential mineral elements. It cannot be made synthetically but must be grown, like penicillin, in bacteria or molds. Animal protein is almost the only source in which B12 occurs naturally in foods in substantial amounts. Liver is the best source; kidney, muscle meats, fish, and dairy products are other good sources.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was first synthesized in 1948 and belongs to a class of water soluble vitamins known as the B-complex vitamins. Vitamin B12 is not found in plant foods only food from animal origin. The normal absorption of B12 in the intestine is dependent on a special factor known as "intrinsic factor". The absence of intrinsic factor will make it very difficult to absorb B12 resulting in pernicious anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency may also be seen in the strict vegetarian who does not supplement their diet with the vitamin.
Vitamin B12 is necessary for normal metabolism of nerve tissue and is involved in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. B12 is closely related to the actions of four amino acids, pantothenic acid, and vitamin C. It also helps iron function better in the body and aids folic acid in the synthesis of choline. B12 helps the placement of vitamin A into body tissues by aiding carotene absorption or vitamin A conversion. It also aids in the production of DNA and RNA, the body's genetic material.
Functions:
1. Important to the proper function of the nervous system.
2. Essential for normal cell function.
3. Necessary for proper growth.
4. Instrumental in protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
5. Used in the production of red blood cells.
Absorption and Storage
Vitamin B12 is prepared for absorption by two gastric secretions. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract unless the "intrinsic factor," a mucoprotein enzyme, is present. Auto-immune reactions in the body can bind the intrinsic factor, preventing B12 absorption. The intrinsic factor itself may not even be made because auto-immune reactions prevent the cells ability to produce it. A defect in the molecule that transports B12 from the blood to the tissues can cause a deficiency even when a normal serum B12 level is read.
B12 needs to be combined with calcium during absorption to benefit the body properly. The presence of hydrochloric acid aids in the absorption of B12 given orally, and a properly functioning thyroid gland also helps B12 to be better absorbed.
After absorption, B12 is bound to serum protein (globulins) and is transported in the bloodstream to various tissues. The highest concentrations of B12 are found in the liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, testes, brain, blood, and bone marrow. These body members are all related to red blood cell formation.
People deficient in B12 usually lack one or more gastric secretions necessary for its absorption. Many people lack the ability to absorb it at all.
The actual amount of B12 absorbed is regulated by the intrinsic factor. When intake is low, 60 to 80 percent of the vitamin is absorbed. When high amounts are taken, the absorption decreases to 5 to 10 percent. Absorption of B12 is better when it is taken with several meals instead of one. Absorption of B12 appears to decrease with age and with iron, calcium, and B6 deficiencies; absorption increases during pregnancy. The use of laxatives depletes the storage of B12.
Because of its close relationship with folic acid, both vitamins taken together could be of benefit in many cases.
Dosage and Toxicity
Human requirements are minute but essential. The Recommended Dietary Allowance of vitamin B12 is 3 micrograms for adults and 4 micrograms for pregnant and lactating women. Infants require a daily intake of 3 micrograms, and growing children need I to 2 micrograms. A vegetarian diet frequently is low in vitamin B12 and high in folic acid, which may mask a vitamin B12 deficiency. No cases of vitamin B12 toxicity have been reported, even with large doses.
Deficiency Effects and Symptoms
Deficiency of vitamin B12 is known as pernicious anemia. Folic acid deficiency can also cause pernicious anemia. Symptoms include: fatigue, weakness, diarrhea, weight loss, loss of appetite, paresthesias (numbness and tingling) to the extremities, mental disturbance, and anemia. B12 is stored in sufficient quantities in the liver to last up to several years without further intake. Storage capacity in children is less.
Symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency may take 5 or 6 years to appear, after the body's supply from natural sources has been restricted. A deficiency of vitamin B12 is usually due to an absorption problem caused by a lack of the intrinsic factor. It can also be the result of fish tapeworm infestation or excessive bacteria in the stomach and intestines. Symptoms of a deficiency begin with changes in the nervous system such as soreness and weakness in the legs and arms, diminished reflex response and sensory perception, difficulty in walking and speaking (stammering), and jerking of limbs.
Lack of B12 has been found to cause a type of brain damage resembling schizophrenia. This brain damage may be detected by the following symptoms: sore mouth, numbness or stiffness, a feeling of deadness, shooting pains, needles-and-pins, or hot-and-cold sensations. The British Medical Journal (March 26, 1966) stated editorially, "It is true that vitamin B12 deficiency may cause severe psychotic symptoms which may vary in severity from mild disorders of mood, mental slowness, and memory defect to severe psychotic symptoms . . . occasionally, these mental disturbances may be the first manifestations of B12 deficiency. . . "
Vitamin B12 deficiency also manifests itself in nervousness, neuritis, unpleasant body odor, menstrual disturbances, and difficulty in walking.
If a deficiency is not detected in early stages, it may result in permanent mental deterioration and paralysis. When symptoms become serious, do not try to treat them yourself. Consult a doctor.
Beneficial Effect on Ailments
Injections of B12 can be used to treat patients suffering from pernicious anemia, an ailment characterized by insufficient red blood cells in the bone marrow. Injections rather than oral doses of B12 are used to bypass the absorption defect in pernicious anemic patients. B12 helps the red blood cells to mature up to a certain point, and after that, protein, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid help to finish the development of the cells so that they can mature. Like folic acid, vitamin B12 has been effective in the treatment of the intestinal syndrome sprue.
The Medical Press reported remarkable results in the treatment of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, and osteoporosis, a softening of the bone, with vitamin B12 (see Human Tests). The condition known as "tobacco amblyopia," a dimness of vision or a loss of vision due to poisoning by tobacco, has been improved with injections of vitamin B12 whether or not the patient stopped smoking. Symptoms are blackouts, headaches, and farsightedness.
B12 has provided relief of the following symptoms: fatigue, increased nervous irritability, mild impairment in memory, inability to concentrate, mental depression, insomnia, and lack of balance. B12 also has been used successfully in the treatment of hepatitis, bursitis, and asthma.
Studies have confirmed that B12 improves the growth rate of children. In animal experiments, pregnant females' resistance to infection was considerably enhanced when given more-than-normal amounts of the vitamin. Vitamin B12 is important in reproduction and lactation. It helps to reduce the effects of bruising and black eyes. It has been successfully used for hangovers, leg paralysis, and atrophy of the brain's cerebellum. Under certain circumstances, B12 can protect the liver from injury caused by toxic substances.
Human Tests
1. Vitamin B12 and Cancer. Cancerous children were treated with B12 so that it could be shown that B12 could reduce the growth rate of cancer of the nervous system in children.
Results. Among 82 children who were treated with B12, 32 (39 percent) survived up to 12 years. With conventional treatment, 8 out of 25 (32 percent) survived. (Archives of Disease in Childhood, December 1963, as reported in Cancer, March 28, 1964.)
2. Vitamin B12 and Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis. Thirty-three cases of osteoarthritis and 2 cases of osteoporosis were treated with vitamin B12. The injected dosages varied between 30 and 900 micrograms, but the optimum dose was 100 micrograms per week.
Results. Twenty patients benefited from the treatment within the first week; 7 obtained complete relief At the end of the second week, 4 more showed partial relief. By the end of the third week, all but 3 of the patients showed some benefit. Three cases of rheumatoid arthritis did not react at all to the vitamin. (Medical Press, March 12, 1952, as reported in Rodale, The Encyclopedia for Healthful Living, p. 942.)
3. Vitamin B12 and Mental Confusion. A seventy-six-year-old patient was suffering from ailments relating to a poor system of blood vessels and heart. He was unable to walk without pain in his legs, and he showed signs of extreme depression and mental confusion. Finally he came down with a siege of pneumonia and sciatica, severe leg pain. Dr. Grabner prescribed 400 micrograms daily of injected vitamin B12.
Results. After the fourth injection the patient exhibited a more pleasant attitude, and his state of confusion had improved. After 2 weeks, the dosage was reduced to 200 micrograms daily; then that was cut to every other day; and finally the patient was receiving 200 micrograms twice weekly. The doctor described his condition as healthy and completely normal mentally. (Dr. Grabner, "Munchener Medizenische Wochenschrift, " Munich Medical Weekly, October 31, 1958, as reported in Rodale, The Encyclopedia for Healthful Living, 1970, p. 946.)
4. Vitamin B12 and Bursitis. Injections of 1000 micrograms of vitamin B12 were given to subjects suffering from all types of bursitis. They were given the doses daily for 3 weeks, then once or twice a week for 2 or 3 weeks depending upon clinical observations.
Results. Rapid relief was achieved in all cases. Calcium deposits, if present, were absorbed, and there were no side effects or toxicity. Dr. Klemes reported that over a 5-year period, only 3 patients failed to respond to vitamin B12 therapy for treatment of bursitis. (Dr. I. S. Klemes, Industrial Medicine and Surgery, June 1957, as reported in Rodale, The Encyclopedia for Healthful Living, pp. 108-110.)
VITAMIN B12 MAY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE FOLLOWING AILMENTS:
Blood / Circulatory system - Anemia, Angina pectoris, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Diabetes,
Hypoglycemia, Pernicious anemia,
Bones - Osteoporosis
Brain / Nervous system - Epilepsy, Insomnia, Multiple sclerosis, Neuritis, Vertigo,
Glands - Adrenal exhaustion
Heart - Angina pectoris, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis,
Intestine - Celiac disease, Worms,
Joints - Arthritis, Bursitis,
Liver - Cirrhosis of liver,
Lungs / Respiratory system - Allergies, Asthma, Tuberculosis,
Muscles - Muscular dystrophy,
Skin - Pellagra, Psoriasis, Shingles (herpes zoster), Ulcers,
Stomach - Gastritis, Stomach ulcer (peptic),
General - Alcoholism, Overweight and obesity,
PANGAMIC ACID (B15)
Description
Pangamic acid is a water-soluble nutrient that was originally isolated in extracted apricot kernels and later was obtained in crystalline form from rice bran, rice polish, whole-grain cereals, brewer's yeast, steer blood, and horse liver. Pangamic acid promotes oxidation processes and cell respiration and stimulates glucose oxidation. The chief merit of pangamic acid is its ability to eliminate the phenomenon of hypoxia, an insufficient supply of oxygen in living tissue. This is especially true in the cardiac and other muscles.
Pangamic acid is essential in promoting protein metabolism, particularly in the muscles of the heart. It regulates fat and sugar metabolism, which partly accounts for its effects on atherosclerosis and diabetes. In some treatments, the action of pangamic acid is improved by the addition of vitamins A and E.
Pangamic acid is helpful in stimulating the glandular and nervous system and is helpful in treating high blood cholesterol levels, impaired circulation, and premature aging. It can help protect against the damaging effect of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Little is actually known about pangamic acid, and only small quantities are used in the United States although it is used widely in Russia and other European countries. Pharmaceutical pangamic acid is derived from ground apricot pits. Good natural sources of pangamic acid are brewer's yeast, whole brown rice, whole grains, pumpkin seeds, and sesame seeds.
Absorption and Storage
Little is known about the absorption and storage of pangamic acid, but excessive amounts are excreted through the kidneys and bowels and in perspiration.
Dosage and Toxicity
The Recommended Dietary Allowance has not been established. According to Dr. Ernest T. Krebs, Jr., pangamic acid has no undesirable effects and its toxic level for man is 100,000 times the therapeutic dose. (18) Clinical tests in which intramuscular injections of pangamic acid were given in doses of 2.5 to 10 milligrams daily proved completely nontoxic. After injections, some patients experienced a flushing of the skin. Similar effects were noted with niacin, but no laboratory changes were reported. The valuable quality of the substance is its nontoxicity.
Deficiency Effects and Symptoms
A deficiency of pangamic acid may cause diminished oxygenation of cells, heart disease, and glandular and nervous disorders.
Beneficial Effect on Ailments
Many claims have been made concerning the therapeutic value of pangamic acid. In widespread Soviet clinical tests, over one-half of hospitalized sclerosis patients responded to pangamic acid therapy. Even patients who have had serious heart attacks have been restored to good health with treatments of pangamic acid. Most tests on pangamic acid have been conducted in the USSR.
People complaining of headaches, chest pains, shortness of breath, tension, insomnia, and other common Symptoms of advancing atherosclerosis have benefited from additional pangamic acid. Pangamic acid has been found to alleviate hypoxia and has been used in cases of coronary artery insufficiency. It has been shown to relieve symptoms of angina, cyanosis (a discoloration of skin due to poor oxidation), and asthma. Good results have been obtained in the treatment of rheumatism, rheumatic heart disease, and acute and chronic cases of alcoholism. Some alcoholics have lost their craving for alcohol when treated with pangamic acid. Pangamic acid has been helpful in treating chronic hepatitis and early stages of liver cirrhosis.
Betty Lee Morales, a pangamic acid researcher, has had success using pangamic acid in treating conditions such as circulatory problems, emphysema, and premature aging. Dr. Ya Yu Shpirt, a Russian, developed a combination of vitamins A and E (AEVIT) which has proved to be therapeutically successful in treating severe cases of atherosclerosis of the lower limbs. There are indications that pangamic acid may be a preventive substance in the treatment of cancer.
Dr. Felix Warburg states: "The primary cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar. All normal body cells meet their energy needs by respiration of oxygen, whereas cancer cells meet their energy needs in great part by fermentation, an oxidative decomposition of complex substances through the action of enzymes. All normal cells require oxygen and cancer cells can thrive without oxygen." According to Warburg's theory, because of the lack of oxygen, the cell is faced with death. The cells without oxygen are able to change their metabolism and to derive their energy from glucose fermentation. These cells may become malignant. Thus a preventive treatment against deoxidization of cells is inclusion of sufficient pangamic acid in the diet.
Russian investigators have used pangamic acid on retarded children with considerable success. After treatment of 20 milligrams three times daily, the patients showed improvement in speech development, increased vocabulary, and improved mental states, intellectual activity, concentration, and interest in extracurricular activities.
Human Tests
1. Pangamic Acid and Circulatory Disturbance. Forty-two patients suffering from circulatory problems were given pangamic acid in the form of calcium pangamate. They were given 30 milligrams three times daily orally, for a total of 90 milligrams daily. The treatment lasted 20 days.
Results. All patients showed improvement in their clinical conditions. The pains in the heart subsided or disappeared. (Clark, Know Your Nutrition, pp. 127, 128.)
2. Pangamic Acid and Cholesterol Level. A study was conducted on the general cholesterol levels of the same 42 cases mentioned in Test 1. They were measured before treatment, after 10 days of treatment, and at the end of 20 days of treatment.
Results. In most cases a drop of the cholesterol was noticed as early as 10 days after the treatment began and continued over the following period. Ten days after the end of treatment with pangamic acid, the general level of cholesterol was greatly reduced. (Clark, Know Your Nutrition, p. 128.)
3. Pangamic Acid and Coronary Sclerosis. A group of 118 patients, all over fifty years of age, having coronary sclerosis, were observed after being treated with calcium pangamate. Both subjective symptoms and objective characteristics (EGG, biochemical analysis of the blood, and oscillation findings) were taken as criteria of the effectiveness of the treatment.
Results. Of all 118 cases, good results were obtained in 49 and satisfactory results in 55; in 11 cases the treatment had no effect; deterioration was noted in 3 cases. [Shpirt, Vitamin B 1 5 (Pangamic Acid) Indications, p. 10.]
4. Pangamic Acid and Muscles of Injured Legs. Groups of athletes were given various amounts of substances to stimulate energy in muscular activity. Then they were given 300 milligrams of pangamic acid on successive days.
Results. The pangamic acid was effective in early healing of muscles of injured legs. (Clark, Know Your Nutrition, p. 129.)
5. Pangamic Acid and Cardiopulmonary Insufficiency. Sixteen patients suffering from cardiopulmonary insufficiency due to pneumoselerosis and bronchial asthma were treated with calcium pangamate. It was administered for 20 to 30 days orally in a dosage of 120 to 160 milligrams per day and as an aerosol in a dosage of 80 milligrams per day.
Results. Four patients obtained good results, 10 obtained satisfactory results, and 2 showed no effect . s of the treatment. (Shpirt, Vitamin B15 [Pangamic Acid] Indications, pp. 24, 25.)
6. Pangamic Acid and Atherosclerosis. Twenty-seven patients were receiving calcium pangamate for treatment of atherosclerosis. They were given 120 to 150 milligrams daily for 15 to 30 days.
Results. Fifteen patients showed good results, 8 showed satisfactory results, 2 showed no effects of treatment, and 2 showed relapse. (Shpirt, Vitamin B15 [Pangamic Acid] Indications, p. 25.)
PANGAMIC ACID MAY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE FOLLOWING AILMENTS:
Blood / Circulatory system - Angina pectoris, Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol level, high, Hypertension,
Brain / Nervous system - Hypertension, Multiple sclerosis,
Head - Headache,
Heart - Angina pectoris, Atherosclerosis, Hypertension,
Liver - Cirrhosis of liver,
Lungs / Respiratory system - Asthma, Emphysema,
General - Alcoholism, Autism, Cancer, Hepatitis, Hypoxia, Rheumatic fever, Rheumatism,
VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)
Description
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin occurring naturally in those foods in which the other B vitamins exist. Riboflavin is stable to heat, oxidation, and acid although it disintegrates in the presence of alkali or light, especially ultraviolet light.
Riboflavin functions as part of a group of enzymes that are involved in the breakdown and utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Riboflavin is necessary for cell respiration because it works with enzymes in the utilization of cell oxygen. It also is necessary for the maintenance of good vision, skin, nails, and hair.
The amount of B2 found in most foods is so little that it normally is quite difficult to obtain a sufficient supply without supplementing the diet. Good sources of riboflavin are liver, tongue, and other organ meats, milk, eggs, and brewer's yeast.
Absorption and Storage
Riboflavin is easily absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. It is then carried by the blood to the tissues of the body and excreted in the urine. The amount excreted depends upon the intake and relative need of the tissues and may be accompanied by a loss of protein from the body. Small amounts of riboflavin are found in the liver and kidneys, but it is not stored to any great degree in the body and therefore must be supplied regularly in the diet.
Dosage and Toxicity
According to the National Research Council, the daily riboflavin requirements are related to body size, metabolic rate, and rate of growth. These factors are directly related to the protein and calorie intake of the individual. The Recommended Dietary Allowance is 1.6 milligrams for the adult male and 1.2 milligrams for the female. Pregnancy and lactation requirements are 1.5 and 1.7 milligrams, respectively.
There is no known toxicity of riboflavin. However, prolonged ingestion of large doses of any one of the B-complex vitamins, including riboflavin, may result in high urinary losses of other B vitamins. Therefore it is important to take a complete B-complex with any single B vitamin.
Deficiency Effects and Symptoms
Riboflavin deficiency may result from one or several of these factors: (1) long-established faulty dietary habits; (2) food idiosyncrasies ("I won't eat liver!"); (3) alcoholism; (4) arbitrarily selected diets for relief of symptoms of digestive trouble; and (5) prolonged following of a restricted diet in the treatment of a disease such as peptic ulcer or diabetes.
The most common symptoms of a lack of B2 are cracks and sores in the corners of the mouth; a red, sore tongue; a feeling of grit and sand on the insides of the eyelids; burning of the eyes; eye fatigue; dilation of the pupil; changes in the cornea; sensitivity to light; lesions of the lips; scaling around the nose, mouth, forehead, and ears; trembling; sluggishness; dizziness; dropsy; inability to urinate; vaginal itching; oily skin; and baldness. A vitamin B2 deficiency can cause some types of cataracts. Experimental studies have shown that some forms of cancer may be related to B2. deficiency.
A lack of stamina and vigor, retarded growth, digestive disturbances and impaired lactation are results of a riboflavin deficiency. Hair and weight losses also frequently result. Underweight persons feeling tense and depressed may need more riboflavin.
Beneficial Effect on Ailments
Riboflavin plays an important role in the prevention of some visual disturbances, especially cataracts. Undernourished women during the end of pregnancy often suffer from conditions such as visual disturbances, burning sensations in the eyes, excessive watering of eyes, and failing vision. These conditions can be helped by supplementing the diet with large doses of B2. Riboflavin has brought relief to children suffering from eczema. Increased dosages of riboflavin are needed for hyperthyroidism, fevers, stress of injury or surgery, and malabsorption.
Human Test
1. B2 (Riboflavin) and Visual Disturbances. Forty-seven patients suffered from a variety of visual disturbances. They were sensitive to light; they suffered from eyestrain, burning sensations in their eyes, and visual fatigue; and their eyes watered easily. Six of them had cataracts.
Results. Within 24 hours after the administration of riboflavin, symptoms began to improve. After 2 days, the burning sensations and other symptoms began to disappear. All disorders were gradually cured.
When riboflavin was removed, the symptoms gradually appeared again and once again were cured with administration of riboflavin. (Dr. Syndensticker, as reported in Rodale, ed., Prevention, November 1970.)
VITAMIN B1 MAY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE FOLLOWING AILMENTS:
Blood / Circulatory system - Diabetes,
Bowel - Diarrhea,
Brain / Nervous system - Multiple sclerosis, Neuritis, Parkinson's disease, Vertigo,
Ear - Meniere's syndrome,
Eye Cataracts, Conjunctivitis, Glaucoma, Night blindness,
Glands - Adrenal exhaustion,
Hair / Scalp - Baldness,
Intestine - Worms,
Joints - Arthritis,
Kidney - Nephritis,
Leg - Leg cramp,
Lungs / Respiratory system - Influenza,
Reproductive system - Vaginitis,
Skin - Acne, Bedsores, Dermatitis, Ulcers,
Stomach - Indigestion (dyspepsia), Stomach ulcer (peptic),
General - Alcoholism, Cancer, Pellagra, Retarded growth, Stress,
NIACIN (B3, NICOTINIC ACID, NIACINAMIDE, NICOTINAMIDE)
Description
Niacin, a member of the vitamin B-complex, is water-soluble. It is more stable than thiamine or riboflavin and is remarkably resistant to heat, light, air, acids, and alkalies. There are also three synthetic forms of niacin: niacinamide, nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide. As a coenzyme, niacin assists enzymes in the breakdown and utilization of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Niacin is effective in improving circulation and reducing the cholesterol level in the blood. It is vital to the proper activity of the nervous system and for formation and maintenance of healthy skin, tongue, and digestive-system tissues. Niacin is necessary for the synthesis of sex hormones.
Relatively small amounts of pure niacin are present in most foods. The niacin "equivalent" listed in dietary tables means either pure niacin or adequate supply of tryptophan, an amino acid that can be converted into niacin by the body. Lean meats, poultry, fish, and peanuts are rich daily sources of both niacin and tryptophan, as are such dietary supplements as brewer's yeast, wheat germ, and desiccated liver. Niacin is difficult to obtain except from these foods.
Absorption and Storage
Niacin is absorbed in the intestine and is stored primarily in the liver. Any excess is eliminated through the urine. Excessive consumption of sugar and starches will deplete the body's supply of niacin, as will certain antibiotics.
Dosage and Toxicity
The National Research Council suggests that daily allowances of niacin be based on caloric intake; 6.6 milligrams of niacin per 1000 calories is recommended. Tryptophan may provide part or all of the daily niacin requirements; 60 milligrams of tryptophan yield 1 milligram of niacin. The Recommended Dietary Allowance is 16 milligrams for men, 13 milligrams for women, and 9 to 16 milligrams for children. During pregnancy, lactation, illness, tissue trauma, and growth periods and after physical exercise, daily requirements are increased.
No real toxic effects are known, but large doses, usually 100 or more milligrams, may cause passing side effects such as tingling and itching sensations, intense flushing of the skin, and throbbing in the head due to a dilation of the blood vessels. The flush is not considered dangerous. It lasts for approximately 15 minutes and then disappears. By taking a synthetic form of niacin, niacinamide, a person gets all the benefits of niacin but avoids the above side effects.
Niacinamide may, however, cause depression in some people. It has also been known to cause liver damage in doses starting at 2 grams per day. Because niacin is involved in the release of stomach acid, patients using large doses should take the vitamin on a full stomach. Niacin can also precipitate a gout attack by competing with the excretion of uric acid.
Deficiency Effects and Symptoms
The symptoms of niacin deficiency are many. In the early stages, muscular weakness, general fatigue, loss of appetite, indigestion, and various skin eruptions occur. A niacin deficiency may also cause bad breath, small ulcers, canker sores, insomnia, irritability, nausea, vomiting, recurring headaches, tender gums, strain, tension, and deep depression. Severe niacin deficiency results in pellagra, which is characterized by dermatitis; dementia; diarrhea; rough, inflamed skin; tremors; and nervous disorders. Many digestive abnormalities causing irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract develop from a niacin deficiency.
Beneficial Effect on Ailments
The amazing thing about niacin is the speed with which it can reverse disorders. Diarrhea has been cleared up in 2 days. Atherosclerosis, attacks of Meniere's syndrome (vertigo), and some cases of progressive deafness have improved or even disappeared. Niacin is often used to reduce high blood pressure and increase circulation in cramped, painful legs of the elderly. It also helps to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid to aid impaired digestion. Acne has been successfully treated with niacin.
Lewis J. Silvers, M.D., writes: "Many a migraine headache can be prevented from developing into the excruciating painful stage by taking niacin at the first sign of attack."
Niacin is very important for brain metabolism. In studies, niacin along with other vitamins relieved such schizophrenic symptoms as paranoia and hallucinations. Large doses of niacin have helped elderly patients who are mentally confused.
Drs. Richard M. Halpern and Robert A. Smith have reported research indicating that the flushless nicotinamide may be a factor in preventing cancer, due to enzyme regulation that protects normal cells and prevents them from becoming malignant. Investigators have found niacin able to cure pellagra, a disease that affects the skin, intestinal tract, and nervous system. When given in high doses, niacin may bring complete relief from delirium within 24 to 48 hours.
Niacin can be helpful for weight reduction because of its ability to elevate and stabilize blood sugar levels. For this reason it is also beneficial for hypoglycemics. Smokers can benefit from niacin because it widens blood vessels and removes lipids from arterial walls, opposite actions of nicotine. Fluid loss from severe burns can be lessened with niacin. Many insomniacs respond well to the sleep-inducing effects of niacin.
Niacin has been very effective in the treatment of alcoholism. Arthritics have experienced increased joint mobility, decreased joint stiffness and pain, as well as greater muscle strength and lessened fatigue with the administration of niacin. In most cases, long-term treatment is needed for optimum benefits.
Niacin can decrease the effects of hallucinogens like LSD and mescaline. Because of its calming properties, niacin can reduce the amount of tranquilizers needed or may even be able to replace them.
Human Tests
1. Niacin and Acne. Twenty cases of acne were treated with 100 milligrams three times daily. This treatment continued for 2 or 3 weeks or until the patients experienced regular flushing.
Results. The niacin treatment provided definite relief in all 20 cases. (Lewis J. Silvers, M.D., as reported in Clark, Know Your Nutrition, pp. 83-84.) 12CIark, Know Your Nutrition, pp. 83-84.
2. Niacin and Cancer. Drs. Richard M. Halpern and Robert A. Smith reported that malignancy is, in some way, associated with a deficiency of niacin. To prove that niacin could help prevent cancer, they exposed isolated malignant cells in their laboratory to nicotinamide and watched the vitamin suppress the malignancy. The doctors did not state dosages since individual needs vary so greatly. (Drs. Richard M. Halpern and Robert A. Smith, Molecular Biology Institute, as reported in Clark, Know Your Nutrition, p. 84.)
NIACIN MAY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE FOLLOWING AILMENTS:
Blood / Circulatory system - Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol level, high, Diabetes,
Hemophilia, Hypertension, Hypoglycemia, Phlebitis,
Bowel - Diarrhea,
Brain / Nervous system - Dizziness, Epilepsy, Headache, Insomnia, Mental illness, Multiple sclerosis, Neuritis, Parkinson's disease,
Ear - Meniere's syndrome,
Eye - Conjunctivitis, Night blindness,
Hair / Scalp - Baldness,
Heart - Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Hypertension,
Intestine - Constipation,
Joints - Arthritis,
Leg - Phlebitis,
Lungs / Respiratory system - Tuberculosis,
Mouth - Canker sore, Halitosis,
Skin - Acne, Bedsores, Dermatitis,
Stomach - Indigestion (dyspepsia),
Teeth / Gums - Pyorrhea,
General - Alcoholism, Cancer, Stress,
PANTOTHENIC ACID (B5)
Description
Pantothenic acid, a part of the vitamin B-complex, is water-soluble. It occurs in all living cells, being widely distributed in yeasts, molds, bacteria, and individual cells of all animals and plants. Organ meats, brewer's yeast, egg yolks, and whole-grain cereals are the richest sources. Pantothenic acid is synthesized in the body by the bacterial flora of the intestines.
There is a close correlation between pantothenic acid tissue levels and functioning of the adrenal cortex. Pantothenic acid stimulates the adrenal glands and increases production of cortisone and other adrenal hormones important for healthy skin and nerves.
Pantothenic acid plays a vital role in cellular metabolism. As a coenzyme it participates in the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and in the utilization of other vitamins, especially riboflavin. Pantothenic acid is an essential constituent of coenzyme A, which forms active acetate and, as such, acts as an activating agent in metabolism. Pantothenic acid is essential for the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids (fat-soluble organic compounds), and fatty acids. It is important in maintaining a healthy digestive tract.
Pantothenic acid can improve the body's ability to withstand stressful conditions. Adequate intake of pantothenic acid reduces the toxicity effects of many antibiotics. It aids in the prevention of premature aging and wrinkles. It also protects against cellular damage caused by excessive radiation.
Absorption and Storage
Pantothenic acid is found in the blood, particularly in the plasma, which is the liquid part of the lymph. Pantothenic acid is excreted daily in the urine.
Approximately 33 percent of the pantothenic acid content of meat-is lost during cooking and about 50 percent is lost by the milling of flour. It is easily destroyed by acid, such as vinegar, or alkali, such as baking soda.
Dosage and Toxicity
Individual needs for pantothenic acid vary according to periods of stress, daily food intake, and urinary excretion levels. Several sources, including the National Research Council, suggest 5 to 10 milligrams daily for adults and children, respectively. The Heinz Handbook of Nutrition suggests daily requirements to be 10 to 15 milligrams. Dr. Paavo Airola has estimated the optimum daily intake to be between 30 and 50 milligrams per day.
Therapeutic dosages usually range from 50 to 200 milligrams per day. In some studies, 1000 and more milligrams were given daily for 6 months without side effects. It is presumed that folic acid aids in the assimilation of pantothenic acid. There are no known toxic effects with pantothenic acid.
A more-than-normal amount of pantothenic acid may be needed after injury, severe illness, or antibiotic therapy.
Deficiency Effects and Symptoms
Pantothenic acid is so widely distributed in foods that deficiency is rare. The means of detecting deficiencies are limited, although low intakes may slow down many metabolic processes.
Symptoms of a deficiency may include vomiting, restlessness, abdominal pains, burning feet, muscle cramps, sensitivity to insulin, decreased antibody formation, and upper respiratory infections.
Pantothenic acid is essential for proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. In some individuals, including postoperative patients, intestinal gas and abdominal distention can be relieved by more-than-average amounts of pantothenic acid.
A deficiency may lead to skin disorders, adrenal exhaustion, and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). The list of deficiency symptoms reflects impaired health of cells in many tissues. A lack of pantothenic acid may result in duodenal ulcers. Deficiencies may occur when the body lacks the intestinal flora needed to synthesize pantothenic acid. The function of the adrenal gland is diminished, which may lead to physical and mental depression, insufficient secretions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and disturbances of the motor nerves. Because the brain contains one of the highest concentrations of pantothenic acid, mental symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, and depression can be the result of a deficiency.
Beneficial Effect on Ailments
Pantothenic acid has been used successfully to treat paralysis of the gastrointestinal tract after surgery. It appears to stimulate gastrointestinal movement and aids in the prevention of nerve degeneration due to a deficiency. Nerve degeneration includes peripheral neuritis, nerve disorders, and epilepsy.
Blood pantothenic acid levels decrease during rheumatoid arthritis; the more severe the symptoms, the lower the acid level. Daily injections of pantothenic acid may lead to a rise in blood pantothenic acid levels. Pantothenic acid is important in the prevention of arthritis. It is probably the greatest defense against stress and fatigue, and it also helps build antibodies for fighting infection.
Animal Tests
1. Pantothenic Acid and Duodenal Ulcers. Rats were kept on a diet deficient in pantothenic acid.
Results. Increased hormonal activity was shown to cause ulcers in 11 to 14 weeks. The same hormonal activity in rats that had been fed pantothenic acid did not produce any ulcers. (Drug Trade News, March 11, 1957, as reported in J. I. Rodale, ed., Best Health Articles from Prevention Magazine, pp. 231, 232.)
2. Pantothenic Acid and Infection. Rats were divided into two groups: one with a diet containing pantothenic acid and one without any. They were then exposed to an infection source.
Results. Spontaneous infections were widespread in the rats whose diet did not contain pantothenic acid. No infections were seen in the rats whose diet was complete. In the rats (deficient in pantothenic acid) that were inoculated with the infection source, 100 percent infection was noted. The rats whose diet included this vitamin showed an infection incidence of only 1 in 45 when given the same inoculation. (Nutrition Review, February 1957, as reported in Rodale, Encyclopedia for Healthful Living, p. 95 1.)
3. Pantothenic Acid and Life-Span. Mice were divided into two groups. They were treated alike except that each animal in the control group received 0.3 milligram of extra pantothenate per day in its drinking water. This amount was several times the amount that mice supposedly require.
Results. The 41 mice on the regular diet lived an average of 550 days. The 33 mice who received extra pantothenate lived an average of 653 days (550 days is equivalent to 75 years for humans, and 653 days is equivalent to 89 years). (Williams, Nutrition against Disease, pp. 141, 142.)
PANTOTHENIC ACID MAY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE FOLLOWING AILMENTS:
Blood / Circulatory system - Anemia, Hypoglycemia,
Bladder - Cystitis,
Bones - Fracture, Bowel Diarrhea,
Brain / Nervous system - Epilepsy, Fainting spells, Insomnia, Mental illness, Multiple sclerosis,
Neuritis,
Eye - Cataracts,
Foot -- Burning and tingling sensations,
Glands - Adrenal exhaustion,
Hair / Scalp - Baldness,
Head - Headache,
Intestine - Worms, Flatulence,
Joints - Arthritis, Gout,
Leg - Leg cramp, Phlebitis,
Lungs / Respiratory system- Allergies, Asthma, Tuberculosis,
Muscles - Muscular dystrophy,
Skin - Acne, Psoriasis,
Stomach - Gastritis, Indigestion (dyspepsia), Nausea,
General - Alcoholism, Cancer, Depression, Fatigue, Infection, Retarded growth, Stress,
VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE)
Description
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin consisting of three related compounds: pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine. It is required for the proper absorption of vitamin B12 and for the production of hydrochloric acid and magnesium. It also helps linoleic acid function better in the body. Pyridoxine plays an important role as a coenzyme in the breakdown and utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It must be present for the production of antibodies and red blood cells. The release of glycogen for energy from the liver and muscles is facilitated by vitamin B6. It also aids in the conversion of tryptophan, an essential amino acid, to niacin and is necessary for the synthesis and proper action of DNA and RNA.
Vitamin B6 helps maintain the balance of sodium and potassium, which regulates body fluids and promotes the normal functioning of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. The best sources of vitamin B6 are meats and whole grains. Desiccated liver and brewer's yeast are the recommended supplemental sources.
Absorption and Storage
A daily supply of vitamin B6, together with the other B-complex vitamins, is necessary because it is excreted in the urine within 8 hours after ingestion and is not stored in the liver. Fasting and reducing diets can deplete the body's supply of vitamin B6 if proper supplements are not taken.
Dosage and Toxicity
Vitamin B6 seems to be another B vitamin that, if administered alone, can cause an imbalance or deficiency of other B vitamins. The Recommended Dietary Allowance of vitamin B6 is 2 milligrams per day. The need for vitamin B6 increases during pregnancy, lactation, exposure to radiation, cardiac failure, aging, and use of oral contraceptives. Intravenous doses of 200 milligrams have proved nontoxic, and daily oral doses of 100 to 300 milligrams have been administered to alleviate drug-induced neuritis without side effects. Because B6 is involved in the production of hydrochloric acid, people with stomach ulcers should seek a doctor's advice before taking the vitamin in large doses.
Deficiency Effects and Symptoms
In cases of B6 deficiency there is low blood sugar and low glucose tolerance, resulting in a sensitivity to insulin. Deficiency may also cause loss of hair, water retention during pregnancy, cracks around the mouth and eyes, numbness and cramps in arms and legs, slow learning, visual disturbances, neuritis, arthritis, heart disorders involving nerves, temporary paralysis of a limb, and an increase in urination.
If a vitamin B6 deficiency is allowed to continue through late pregnancy, stillbirths or post delivery infant mortality may result. Infants born to B6 deficient mothers may have convulsions. Studies have shown that pregnant women retain more B6 than nonpregnant women; therefore supplemental doses may be needed to make sure the fetus is adequately supplied.
A certain type of anemia characterized by red blood cells that are too small, apparently the result of a defective heredity factor, respond very well to vitamin B6. Some people may have an unbalanced metabolism caused by a genetic dependency on B6. Too much B6 without zinc can lead to numbness and tingling of the fingers and toes. Reducing the dosage and adding brewer's yeast and zinc or a multiple vitamin (without copper) can eliminate the symptoms.
Kryptopyrrole, also known as the mauve factor, found in large quantities in the urine of many schizophrenics and less often in normal people, has been shown to bind pyridoxine, resulting in a deficiency of the vitamin. Some patients with this mauve factor may need as much as 250-3000 milligrams per day. The treatment should include zinc; and manganese and niacin may also be helpful. B6 and zinc have also helped people with Kryptopyrrole to remember their dreams (a part of treatment).
Symptoms of a B6 deficiency are similar to those seen in niacin and riboflavin deficiencies and may include muscular weakness, nervousness, irritability, depression, and dermatitis. Tingling hands, shoulder-hand syndrome, wrist-hand syndromes, and arthritis associated with menopause also may be present.
Beneficial Effect on Ailments
There is evidence that suggests a relationship between vitamin B6 and cholesterol metabolism; therefore B6 may be involved in the control of atherosclerosis. Vitamin B6 has been used in the treatment of nervous disorders and in the control of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
Vitamin B6 has been successfully used to help treat male sexual disorders, eczema, thinning and loss of hair, elevated cholesterol level, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, pancreatitis, ulcers, muscular weakness, some types of heart disturbances, burning feet, some types of kidney stones, acne, tooth decay, and diabetes. It is needed to prevent and treat shoulder-hand syndrome. Administration of B6 to mentally retarded children has helped relieve convulsive seizures. It also appears to be beneficial in treating stress, along with zinc.
As a natural diuretic, vitamin B6 aids in the prevention of water buildup in the tissues. It has helped women who suffer from temporary premenstrual changes such as edema and may be effective in helping problems of overweight caused by water retention. Reduction of the pain and size of the reddened knots on the sides of finger joints occurring in women during menopause has responded to daily ingestion of B6. Individuals who are especially photosensitive to sunlight and quickly sunburn have been treated successfully with B6.
Human Tests
1. Vitamin B6 and Parkinson's Disease. It was found that Parkinson's disease, a nervous disorder that causes trembling hands, responded to B6 treatments. A case of the disease which had existed for 25 years responded to B6 injections within 2 months. This is one of the unexpected results of B6-whereas it may take a long time to derive benefits from some vitamins, B6 seems to bring results quickly and dramatically. (Dr. Douw G. Stem, University of South Africa, as reported in Clark, Know Your Nutrition, p. 91.)
2. Vitamin B6 and Painful Finger Joints. Vitamin B6 was given to women and men near the age of menopause who had developed painful spurs or knots on the sides of their finger joints.
Results. There was a dramatic change after the administration of B6. Finger joints ceased to be painful, and finger sensitivity and hand flexion improved within 6 weeks. (John M. Ellis, "The Doctor Who Looked at Hands," as reported in Clark, Know Your Nutrition, P. 9 1.)
Animal Tests
1. Vitamin B6 and Cleft Palates. Cleft palates developed in 85 percent of the offspring of mice injected with cortisone four times daily during pregnancy.
Results. When pyridoxine was injected along with the cortisone, such abnormalities were reduced to 45 percent, and the addition of folic acid reduced the occurrence of cleft palate to 20 percent. On the basis of these experiments, folic acid and pyridoxine were given to human mothers who had previously borne cleft palate children, and all children subsequently born to these mothers were normal. (Dr. Lyndon A. Peer, 22d Annual Meeting of International College of Surgeons, as reported in Rodale, The Health Seeker, p. 194.)
VITAMIN B6 MAY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE FOLLOWING AILMENTS:
Blood / Circulatory system - Anemia, Cholesterol level, high, Diabetes, Hypoglycemia, Jaundice,
Pernicious anemia,
Bladder - Cystitis,
Bowel - Colitis, Diarrhea,
Brain / Nervous system- Bell's palsy, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Epilepsy, Insomnia, Infantile autism,
Mental illness, Multiple sclerosis, Neuritis, Parkinson's disease,
Ear - Dizziness,
Eye - Conjunctivitis,
Glands - Prostatitis,
Hair / Scalp - Baldness, Dandruff,
Head - Headache,
Intestine - Celiac disease, Hemorrhoids, Worms,
Joints - Arthritis,
Kidney - Kidney stones (renal calculi),
Lungs / Respiratory system- Asthma, Common cold, Influenza, Tuberculosis,
Mouth - Halitosis,
Muscles - Muscular dystrophy, Rheumatism,
Reproductive system - Prostatitis, Vaginitis,
Skin - Acne, Dandruff, Dermatitis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Shingles (herpes zoster),
Stomach - Gastritis, Indigestion (dyspepsia), Nausea of pregnancy,
Teeth / Gums - Pyorrhea,
General - Alcoholism, Edema, Overweight and obesity, Stress,
VITAMIN B-COMPLEX
Description
All B vitamins are water-soluble substances that can be cultivated from bacteria, yeasts, fungi, or molds. The known B-complex vitamins are B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cyanocobalamin), B15 (pangamic acid), biotin, choline, folic acid, inositol, and PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid). The grouping of these water-soluble compounds under the term "B-complex" is based upon their common source distribution, their close relationship in vegetable and animal tissues, and their functional relationships.
The B-complex vitamins are active in providing the body with energy, basically by converting carbohydrates into glucose, which the body "burns" to produce energy. They are vital in the metabolism of fats and protein. In addition, the B vitamins are necessary for normal functioning of the nervous system and may be the single most important factor for health of the nerves. They are essential for maintenance of muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract and for the health of skin, hair, eyes, mouth, and liver.
All the B vitamins are natural constituents of brewer's yeast, liver, and whole-grain cereals. Brewer's yeast is the richest natural source of some of the B-complex group. Another important source of some of the B vitamins is production by the intestinal bacteria. These bacteria grow best on milk sugar and small amounts of fat in the diet. Maintaining milk-free diets or taking sulfonamides and other antibiotics may destroy these valuable bacteria.
Absorption and Storage
Because of the water-solubility of the B-complex vitamins, any excess is excreted and not stored. Therefore they must be continually replaced. All B vitamins mixed with salve absorb readily.
Sulfa drugs, sleeping pills, insecticides, and estrogen create a condition in the digestive tract which can destroy the B vitamins. Certain B vitamins are lost through perspiration.
Dosage and Toxicity
The most important thing to remember is that all the B vitamins should be taken together. They are so interrelated in function that large doses of any one of them may be therapeutically valueless or may cause a deficiency of others. For example, if extra B6 is taken in 50-milligram potencies, it is important that a complete B-complex accompany it.
In nature, we find the B-complex vitamins in yeast, green vegetables, etc., but nowhere do we find a single B vitamin isolated from the rest. Most preparations of single B vitamins are synthetic or at least no longer in their natural form. These synthetic B vitamins are used primarily to overcome severe deficiencies or serious physical conditions in which rapid results are needed. When taking supplements, it is very important to remember that the B vitamins exert many different effects upon each other; therefore excesses and insufficiencies may be harmful.
Deficiency Effects and Symptoms
The thirteen or more B vitamins are so meagerly supplied in the American diet that almost every American lacks some of them. If a person is tired, irritable, nervous, depressed, or even suicidal, suspect a vitamin B deficiency. Gray hair, falling hair, baldness, acne, or other skin troubles indicate a lack of B vitamins. A poor appetite, insomnia, neuritis, anemia, constipation, or high cholesterol level may be an indicator of a vitamin B deficiency. Having an enlarged tongue (including the buds on each side) that is shiny, bright red, and full of grooves means B vitamins are needed.
One reason there is so much B-vitamin deficiency in the American population is that Americans eat so many processed foods from which the B vitamins have often been removed. Some times some, but not all, of the B vitamins are replaced by the manufacturer.
Another reason for widespread deficiency is the high amount of sugar consumed. Sugar produces an abnormal intestinal flora from which some of the B vitamins are manufactured. Sugar also is pure carbohydrate with no vitamins or minerals or enzymes to aid in its digestion. Therefore it takes nutrient supplies, including the B vitamins, from other parts of the body, depleting those storage areas.
Alcoholics and individuals who consume excessive amounts of carbohydrates require a higher intake of B vitamins for proper metabolism. Alcohol has a tendency to destroy some of the B vitamins such as thiamine and folic acid. Like sugar, alcohol contains large amounts of carbohydrates but no vitamins or minerals, making it very difficult for the body to utilize the carbohydrates found in alcohol.
The caffeine in coffee is known to destroy the B vitamin thiamine, which is, among other things, essential for the health of the nervous system.
The need for the B-complex vitamins increases during infection or stress. Children and pregnant women need extra B vitamins for normal growth.
Beneficial Effect on Ailments
The B vitamins have been used in the treatment of barbiturate over dosage, alcoholic psychoses, and drug induced delirium. An adequate dose has been found to control migraine headaches and attacks of Meniere's syndrome. Some heart abnormalities have responded to use of B-complex because the nerves affecting the heart need the B-complex vitamins for smooth, quiet functioning. Massive dosages of the B-complex vitamins have been helpful in polio, to improve the condition of hypersensitive children who fail to respond favorably to drugs such as Ritalin, and to improve cases of shingles. Nervous individuals and persons working under tension can greatly benefit from taking larger than normal doses of B vitamins.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting, resulting from anesthesia, can be successfully treated with B vitamins. The amount of B vitamins needed seems to be related to the amount of female sex hormones available. Menstrual difficulty is often relieved with small doses. The B vitamins may also help these ailments: beriberi, pellagra, constipation, burning feet, tender gums, burning and drying eyes, fatigue, lack of appetite, skin disorders, cracks at the corner of the mouth, and anemia.
Human Tests
1. B Vitamins and Meniere's Syndrome. A person testified that the therapy of Dr. Mills Atkinson, which consisted of heavy intakes of the B-complex vitamins four times daily, reversed his case of Meniere's syndrome (see "Ailments," p. 115), which had lasted almost 4 months.
Results. Within 2 months the B-vitamin treatment relieved the dizziness, double vision, nausea, and inability to concentrate associated with this ailment. ("Migraine, Meniere's and Mealtime," Rodale, ed., Prevention, August 1971.)
2. B Vitamins and Senile Dementia (Deteriorative Mental State of the Aged). Patients in mental hospitals and convalescent homes who were suffering from senile dementia exhibited a dramatic improvement in their mental condition 24 to 48 hours after large doses of B vitamins were administered. (Bicknell and Prescott, Vitamins in Medicine, as reported in Linda Clark, Know Your Nutrition, 1973, p. 67.)
VITAMIN B-COMPLEX MAY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE FOLLOWING AILMENTS:
Bladder - Cystitis,
Blood / Circulatory system - Anemia, Angina pectoris, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Cholesterl level, high, Diabetes, Hypertension, Hypoglycemia, Leukemia, Stroke (cerebro vascular accident),
Bowel - Diarrhea,
Brain / Nervous system - Alcoholism, Bell's palsy, Epilepsy, Insomnia, Meningitis, Mental illness,
Multiple sclerosis, Neuritis, Parkinson's disease, Stroke (cerebro vascular accident), Vertigo,
Ear - Meniere's syndrome,
Eye - Amblyopia, Cataracts, Conjunctivitis, Eyestrain, Glaucoma, Night blindness,
Gallbladder - Gallstones,
Glands - Adrenal exhaustion, Cystic fibrosis, Hyperthyroidism, Prostatitis, Swollen glands,
Hair / Scalp - Baldness, Dandruff, Hair problems, Head - Fever, Headache,
Heart - Angina pectoris, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Congestive heart failure, Hypertension,
Myocardial infarction,
Intestine - Celiac disease, Constipation, Diverticulitis, Hemorrhoids, Indigestion (dyspepsia),
Worms,
Joints - Arthritis, Bursitis, Gout,
Kidney- Nephritis,
Leg - Leg cramp, Phlebitis, Sciatica, Varicose veins,
Liver - Cirrhosis of liver, Hepatitis,
Lungs / Respiratory system - Common cold, Emphysema, Hay fever (allergic rhinitis), Influenza,
Pneumonia,
Mouth - Canker sore, Halitosis,
Muscles - Parkinson's disease,
Nails - Nail growth,
Reproductive system - Prostatitis, Vaginitis,
Skin - Abscess, Acne, Bedsores, Bruises, Burns, Dandruff, Dermatitis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Shingles (herpes zoster), Ulcers,
Stomach - Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Indigestion (dyspepsia), Stomach ulcer (peptic),
Teeth / Gums - Pyorrhea,
General - Aging, Alcoholism, Arthritis, Backache, Beriberi, Cancer, Edema, Fatigue, Fever, Hypoxia, Infection, Overweight and obesity, Pellagra, Pregnancy, Stress, Stroke (cerebro vascular accident),
HOMEHerb List
A -B -C -D -E -F -G -H -I -J -K -L -M -N -O -P -Q -R -S -T -U -V -W -X -Y -Z
 |
 
 |
 |
 | ||
(c) 1997 E-Mail
jerbear@who.net
This page hosted by 
Get your own Free Home Page
