A Quantitative Study Of Water Diffusion In Multiple Sclerosis Lesions And Normal-Appearing White Matter Using Echo-Planar Imaging

Objectives
We used an optimized Echo-Planar Pulse Sequence for IsoTropically weighted Diffusion Imaging:

1. To measure Mean Diffusivity () in lesions and Normal-Appearing White Matter (NAWM) in the entire Brain from patients with mildly disabling Relapsing/Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

2. To compare the of NAWM from patients with that of White Matter from normal controls,

3. To evaluate whether lesions classified on the basis of their appearance on enhanced T₁-weighted scans have different

4. To investigate the relationship between Diffusion changes in lesions and NAWM

Methods
Dual-echo and Diffusion-weighted scans were obtained from 35 patients with Relapsing/Remitting MS and 24 sex- and age-matched normal controls.

Postcontrast T₁-weighted images were also obtained from the patients.

After creating maps and image coregistration, values were measured for MS lesions larger than 5 mm and for 22 NAWM areas from each subject.

Results
All NAWM areas studied had significantly higher in patients than in controls. A total of 173 lesions were identified on the Dual-Echo scans from patients.

The average for these lesions was significantly higher than that of NAWM. Twenty-two lesions were enhancing and 60 were classified as T₁-HypoIntense.

No significant difference in values was found between enhancing and nonenhancing lesions, while the average of T₁-HypoIntense lesions was significantly higher than the average of T₁-IsoIntense lesions.

There was no significant correlation between the average in Lesions and NAWM.

Conclusions
This study shows that Diffusion-Weighted Imaging is able to identify MS lesions with severe tissue disruption.

It also shows that widespread increased Diffusion can be measured in the NAWM from patients with MS, and suggests that such changes are, at least partially, independent of larger abnormalities.