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SUGARCANE@ [RATOONING] [SALINE SOIL] [WATER STRESS] [QUALITY] [SPECIFIC REGIONS] [RAINFED CONDITION] [SUSTAINABLE] [CANE SETT] [JUICE CANE]
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Research and Development of Sugarcane Production in Specific Regions.

Project coordinator : Chakarin Satthaporn

Climatic conditions and soil are generally known as the factors affecting sugarcane yields. The aim of this project is to find suitable cane varieties And also fertilizer management and cultural practices for the specific locations.

Breeding

Evaluation of SFCRC hybrid cane.

• Standard yield trial : Cane series 1987.
  In the second ratoon at Suphanburi Field Crops Research Center (SFCRC), clone 87-2-917 gave the highest sugar CCS (11.44 t/ha) followed by clone 87-2-899 (10.88 t/ha) and 87-2-793 (10 t/ha). Of the average sugar CCS values over a 3 year period (plant cane, first ratoon and second ratoon), clone 87-2-917 was the highest (15.31 t/ha) followed by clone 88-2-070 (13 t/ha).
• Standard yield trial : Cane series 1989.
  In the first ratoon at Suphan Buri FCRC, clone 89-2-366 gave the highest sugar CCS (10.62 t./ha). Of the average sugar CCS (plant cane and first ratoon), U-Thong 2 was the highest (15.25 t/ha) followed by clone 89-2-366 (13.69 t/ha). At Rayong FCRC, clone 88-2-494 gave the highest sugar CCS in both first ratoon and average sugar CCS (14.5 and 11.88 t/ha respectively). In the second ratoon, at Suphan Buri FCRC, clone 89-2-366 gave the highest sugar CCS (14 t/ha) and clone 89-2-366 gave the highest average sugar CCS from the 3 years period (13.75 t/ha).
• Regional yield trial
  Trials were conducted at 3 locations in farmer's fields under conditions of irrigated loamy soil. The locations were U-Thong in Suphan Buri, Phanomtuan and Tha Maka in Kanchanaburi. Of the all 3 locations the first ratoon of clone 89-2-366 gave the highest CCS (10.25, 13.31 and 14.56 respectively) and also the highest average sugar CCS (10.25, 13.25 and 15.69 t/ha respectively). In sandy soil under rainfed condition at Rayong, clone 87-2-944 gave the highest sugar CCS (first ratoon) and highest average sugar CCS (plant cane and first ratoon) at 13.38 and 10.62 t/ha respectively. However, clone 84-2-646 gave the highest sugar CCS in the first ratoon and average sugar CCS at 10.69 and 10.15 t/ha respectively. In the second ratoon crop at Tha Maka, K 84-200 gave the highest sugar CCS (14.38 t/ha), but clone 89-2-366 gave the highest average sugar CCS (14.75 t/ha) from the 3 years period.
• Field test
  In the first ratoon at Darn Chang, Suphan Buri, at Tha Maka, Kanchanaburi and at Wang Muang, Saraburi, clone 89-2-366 gave the highest average sugar CCS in each locations (16 t/ha) and also gave the highest average sugar CCS (16.75 t/ha) for all locations in 2 years period.
• Preliminary yield trial : Cane series 1990
  At Suphan Buri FCRC, clone 90-2-056 gave the highest sugar CCS in both first ratoon crop and average sugar CCS (13.44 and 10.00 t/ha respectively) over 2 years period. At Phraphuttabat FCES, clon 90-2-329 gave the highest sugar CCS in both first ratoon crop and average sugar CCS (16.00 and 16.75 t/ha respectively) over 2 years period.
• Standard yield trial : Cane series 1990
  At Suphan Buri FCRC in plant cane, clone 90-2-020 gave the highest sugar CCS (20.88 t/ha) but at Rayong FCRC, clone 90-2-020 gave the highest sugar CCS (14.31 t/ha)

Regional yield trial of introduced clones from Reunion and Mauritius.

Trails were conducted in the farmers fields at 4 locations, Bor Ploid and Tha Muang (Kanchanaburi province), Dan Chang (Suphanburi province) and Ban Rai (U-Thai Thanee province). They differ in soil property according to the soil series and in crop management regime. The clones used in the study were R1, R2, R4, R5, R6, M1, M2, M3. U-Thong 1 and U-Thong 2 were included as checks. The objective of the trial was to study the performances as shown by yield and quality of those introduced clones grown in the western region. The results obtained from plant cane indicated that each clone performed differently at each location. M1 gave the highest cane yield at Bor Ploid (78.1 t/ha) but U-Thong 1 at the same location gave the highest sugar yield (9.56 t/ha). U-Thong 2 performed best at Tha Muang which gave cane and sugar yields as high as 70 and 10.06 t/ha, respectively. At Dan Chang, R 6 showed the best in both cane and sugar yields (83.75 and 12.5 t/ha respectively). At the last location, Ban Rai, the highest cane and sugar yields were found in M3 (154.37 and 14.31 t/ha, respectively). However, in general, clones R 2, R 6 and M 3 showed cane yields higher than U-Thong 2 about 13-14 % (As table shown below). Cane yield and quality of Mauritius varieties grown at 4 locations in 1995 (plant cane).

Location	Bor Ploid		Tha Muang	Darn Chang	Ban Rai
Clone	M 1	U-Thong 1	U-Thong 2	R 6	M 3
Cane yield (ton/ha)	78.12	69.37	70.00	83.75	154.37
CCS	11.90	13.30	14.50	14.80	9.80
Sugar yield (ton/ha)	9.12	9.56	10.06	12.50	14.31
Soil series	Ta Kli, Kamphaengphet		Kamphaengsaen	Lop Buri, San Patong	Lard Ya
Soil Texture	Loamy Sand		Clay sand	Clay loam	Loamy sand

Evaluation trial of Cuba varieties.

Introduced varieties from Cuba, C 325-68, C 87-51, My 5514, Ja 64-19 and Ja 60-5 were evaluated in farmer’s fields at Tha Maka, Kanchanaburi province. U-Thong 1, U-Thong 2 and F 140 were used as check varieties. The objective of the trial was to study the performance as shown by yield and quality of these Cuban varieties when grown in the sugarcane belt region. The results obtained from the plant cane indicated that C 325-68 and My 5514 showed the best performances in both cane and sugar yields (105, 101.25 and 14.31, 14.18 t/ha, respectively) with these being about 30% and 25% higher in cane yields than U-Thong 1 and 39% and 38% higher in sugar yields, respectively (as table below). Cane yield and quality of 5 cane varieties introduced from Cuba tested in 1995 (plant cane)

Varieties	Cane Yield (t/ha)	CCS	Sugar Yield (t/ha)
C 325-68	105.00	13.7	14.31
C 87-51	80.62	13.7	10.87
MY 55-14	101.25	13.9	14.18
Ja 64-19	73.12	12.9	9.50
Ja 60-5	83.12	13.1	11.06
U-Thong 1	80.62	12.6	10.25
U-Thong 2	60.62	13.0	7.94
F 140	63.12	13.6	8.62
Mean	80.62	13.3	10.87
L.S.D. 0.05	23.75	-	3.75
C.V. (%)	20.00	11.3	23.5

Sugarcane field test in the Western region.

Four promising clones (85-2-072, 85-2-207, 84-2-598 and 84-2-606) were grown together with check varieties (U-Thong 1 and U-Thong 2) in farmer’s fields. These clones were obtained from Sugarcane breeding programs and were the ones that had performed better in the irrigated area. Two test sites had been selected in which irrigation was possible. The objective of this field test was to study the effects of actual on farm conditions and management practices on yield and quality. The results obtained from plant cane grown at Tha Maka showed that clone 84-2-598 gave the highest cane yield and the highest sugar yield, these being 124.37 and 19.94 t/ha respectively. At Tha Muang, Kanchanaburi, clone 85-2-072 and 85-2-207 gave the bast cane yields which were 146.87 and 140 t/ha, respectively. The cane clones also gave the highest sugar yields with these being about 60 % higher than U-Thong 1 and 15 % higher than U-Thong 2 (as table below). Cane yield and CCS of 4 promising clones and 2 checked cultivars tested in 2 locations : (plant cane) in 1995

Clone	Cane Yield (t/ha)				CCS
	Tha Maka	% RC	Tha Muang	% RC	Tha Maka	% RC	Tha Muang	% RC
85-2-072	90.00	76	140.00	108	86.25	88	91.87	106
85-2-207	86.25	73	146.87	113	96.87	99	88.75	102
84-2-598	124.37	105	79.37	61	99.37	101	90.62	104
84-2-606	97.50	82	113.75	88	89.37	91	81.25	93
U-Thong 1	117.12	100	96.25	74	91.25	93	83.75	96
U-Thong 2	111.87	95	129.37	100	98.12	100	86.87	100

Sugarcane regional yield trial in the Western region : Promising clones.

The trials were conducted in farmer’s fields at 4 locations, Bor Ploid, Tha Muang (Kanchanaburi Province), Dan Chang (Suphan Buri Province) and Ban Rai (U-Thai Thanee Province). Each site differs in soil property according to the soil series and the crop management regime. Seven promising clones together with U-Thong 1, U-Thong 2 and clone 89-2-366 were included in the trials. The aim of the trial was to study the performances as shown by yield and quality of those promising clones when grown in the western region. The results obtained from plant cane indicated that the performance of each clone differed in different locations (as table shown below). U-Thong 2 gave the highest cane and sugar yields at 2 locations, Bor Ploid (63.12 and 110.37 t/ha respectively) and Tha Muang (48.75 and 7.12 t/ha, respectively). Clone 89-2-366 showed the best cane and sugar yields at Dan Chang (83.75 and 12.12 t/ha, respectively). At Ban Rai, clone 89 SR 593 gave the highest cane yield (98.12 t/ha) but the highest sugar yield was given to clone 89-2-366 (13.37 t/ha). However, in general, clone 89 SR 593 is the only clone that gave a higher cane yield than U-Thong 2 which was about 2 %. Sugar yield of 4 promising clones and 2 check cultivars tested at 2 locations : (Plant cane) in 1995.

Clone	Sugar Yield (t/ha)
	Tha Maka	%RC UT 1	% RC UT 2	Tha Muang	% RC UT 1	% RC UT 2
85-2-072	12.43	72	70	20.50	159	114
85-2-207	13.37	77	76	20.87	162	116
84-2-598	19.94	115	113	11.50	89	64
84-2-606	13.94	81	79	14.81	115	82
U-Thong 1	17.25	100	98	12.87	100	71
U-Thong 2	17.62	102	100	18.00	140	100

Agronomy

Chemical fertilizer response of three promising clones grown in clay loam, sandy loam and clay soils.

Three promising clones 89-2-366, 89SR588 and 89SR621 were tested in a fertilizer trial in sandy loam soil conditions and compared with the check variety, U-Thong 2 during 1995 at Amphur Dan Chang, Suphanburi province. Three N fertilizer rates were applied (10, 75, 150 kg/ha) with and without P and K application. Of all the clones and the check variety, it was found that clone 89-2-366 gave the highest yield It was shown that all the clones responded to nitrogen fertilizer and they also showed a trend of responding to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Use of green manure and subsoil tillage to improve sugarcane soil in the western region.

The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field in Torm-Beung district. It was found that in the first ratoon when Sesbania rostrata was used as green manure before cane planting, the cane yield did not increase when compared with conventional treatment. This was because the soil fertility was quite low and the amounts of organic matter produced from the first year green manure was small.

Pathology

Root and stem rot (red rot wilt) reaction test of hybrid cane series 1990-1992.

One hundred and two clones of hybrid cane series 1990-1992 were evaluated for red rot wilt resistance and selected for further step of breeding program. The were artificially inoculated by the wound plug method. Resistant checks were K 84-200 and 84-646. The susceptible check was Eheaw. Of all the clones, only 10 showed a moderately resistant reaction. These were 90-029, 91-527, 92-201, 91-417, 90-020, 92-106, 91-176, 91-453, 91-579 and 92-048. The others showed a moderate to highly susceptible reaction. Resistant check, K 84-200 and 84-640 showed moderately resistant reaction and the check showed a highly susceptible reaction.