Juice Cane Improvement
Project coordinator : Wantana
The project began in 1990 and aimed to select a new variety of juice cane which had a good juice quality, high juice yield and tolerance to red rot disease. The results for 1995-1996 were as follows ;
Breeding
Juice cane regional yield trial : First ratoon.
Four clones of juice cane 90-1, 90-2, 90-3 and 90-5 were compared with a local variety, Singapore, in three locations, Suphan Buri, Sakon Nakhon and Petcha Buri. This experiment was the first ratoon. The results showed that clone 90-1 gave the highest juice yield in all locations. Clone 90-1 gave an average juice yield of 22,231 l/ha compared with that of Singapore being 6,025 l/ha. For juice brix, they were 17.4 and 16.4 for clone 90-1 and Singapore respectively.
Juice cane field test (3 locations) : First ratoon.
Three farmers fields were selected to test the yield potential of juice cane clone 90-1 and the Singapore variety. The tested areas were in Ayudhaya, Sakon Nakhon and Songkhla. This experiment was with the first ratoon. The combined results indicate that clone 90-1 gave an average juice yield of 15,925 l/ha and juice brix 17.6 whereas Singapore gave juice yield only 6,631 l/ha and 15.0 in juice brix.
Juice cane field test (9 locations) : Plant cane.
The juice cane field test experiment was conducted in nine farmers fields. These were in Ayuhaya, Rayong, Ratch Buri, Prachuapkerekun, Petchaboon, Suphan Buri and Chainat. This experiment was with the plant cane. The results showed that clone 90-1 gave the highest juice yield in all locations. An average juice yield of clone 90-1 was 25,475 l/ha compared with only 10,225 l/ha in Singapore. Juice brixs were 18.3 and 15.2 in clone 90-1 and Singapore respectively.
Juice cane field test : First ratoon.
This experiment was with the first ratoon and tested in nine farmer’s fields in 7 provinces of Thailand. The results showed that Suphanburi 50 variety (clone 90-1) gave an average juice yield 23,081 l/ha whereas Singapore gave only 5,912 l/ha. Juice brixs were 16.1 and 14.3 in Suphanburi 50 and Singapore respectively.
Juice cane preliminary yield trial series 1994 : Plant cane.
The experiment was with the plant cane and conducted at Suphanburi Field Crop Research Center. Sixteen clones of juice cane were compared with two check varieties Suphanburi 50 (clone 90-1) and Singapore. The results showed that the juice cane clone 94-2 gave the highest juice yield (36,875 l/ha) with juice brix being 17.3. The juice yield and juice brix of Suphanburi 50 were 364,867 l/ha and 17.4. Singapore showed the lowest juice yield and juice brix of 21,781 l/ha and 14.1 respectively.
Agronomy
Effect of storage time on the juice cane quality.
Juice quality is the most important character of juice cane. The best juice quality usually comes from fresh cut cane. However, it is impossible to get juice from the fresh cut cane every time. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of storage time of cut cane on the juice quality. Two hundred and ten stalks were cut at 8 month old. They were then kept under shaded conditions for 0-21 days. Each of 10 stalks was then crushed for juice every day. The result indicated that sugarcane could be kept for upto 7 days, and still maintain the same quality of the juice as that of fresh cane.
Optimum number of stalks per stool for a new juice cane variety in the South of Thailand (First ratoon).
In southern Thailand, clone 90-1 was examined for the optimum number of stalks per stool. The results of the first ratoon cane confirmed what had been previously reported for the plant cane. The optimum number was still at 5-6 stalks/stool. There was no effect of stalk number reduction on the size of stalk.
Juice quality at different ages of cane in Petchaboon.
Clone 90-1 was examined for optimum harvesting times in Petchaboon province. The result showed that the optimum time for harvesting for the best quality juice was at 8 months.
Juice cane cultivation in paddy soil.
Clone 90-1 was examined under paddy field soil conditions. The results indicated that it was possible to plant juice cane in paddy soil conditions. Using either 2 bud or 3 bud cane setts gave similar yields. However, yields under paddy soils tended to be lower than those in field conditions.
Effects of growth regulator on juice cane germination : Plant cane
It was found that juice cane, Singapore variety, has poor germination compared with the other millable cane varieties. This may be the result of many factors. One factor considered here is that at growth regulators. These have been reported as successfully increasing the germination in many crops. Here the study was conducted with Singapore using 3 types of growth regulator (IAA, NAA and Triacontanal), together with mechanical methods such as hot water treatments. Cane setts without any treatment was used as a check. The experiment was conducted in CRD with 3 replicates in 1995. The results indicated that using growth regulators did not significantly increase the germination of Singapore variety when examined at 15 and 30 day intervals after planting. Surprisingly, the hot water treatment applied to cane setts at 52oC for 30 min gave the best germination for both periods of the examination (79.0 % and 83.5 % respectively). However, thes difference was not significant from that of the check treatment (non-treated).
Seed Technology
Optimum rate of NPK fertilizer for juice cane with clone 90-1.
Six fertilizer rates, 0-0-0, 75-0-0, 150-0-0, 150-75-0, 150-150-0 and 150-150-150 of N-P-K kg/ha were compared for juice with cane clone 90-1 at Ban Mai Samrong FCES, Nakorn Ratchasima. It was found that there were no significant differences in cane yields between the treatments. Fertilizer application rates of 75 kg N is enough for juice cane when grown on a sandy loam soils at Ban Mai FCES.
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SUGARCANE@
[RATOONING]
[SALINE SOIL]
[WATER STRESS]
[QUALITY]
[SPECIFIC REGIONS]
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[CANE SETT]
[JUICE CANE]