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Cane sett seed production improvement.

Project Coordinator : Watanasak Chomphunich

The project was initiated in 1995 with 2 major objectives as follows : However, some preliminary work was conducted before 1995 and these results will be included here.

Improvement of cane sett quality by chemicals to control red rot wilt disease.

Red rot wilt is one of the most important diseases in sugarcane. Every years, some cane growers need new improved varieties to replace their present variety due to the damage caused by red rot wilt disease. Unfortunately, there are limited improved varieties available. Thus, the present variety may have to be used. Since the disease is seed borne it is easily transmitted leading to red rot wilt damage in the following crop. To solve this problem, chemicals have been used to improve the quality of cane sett and to control the disease through cane sett treatments. Seven varieties obtained from red rot wilt areas were used in the study. Cane setts of these varieties were treated with propiconazole (Tilt 100 EC) at the rate of 10 ml/20 litres of water before planting. The propiconazole was also applied again in ratoon after cutting the plant crop for studying in the ratoon crop. The experiment was conducted in RCB with 3 replicates in 1994 and 1995. The results indicated that in the plant crop, only E-Haew, a susceptible variety, was found to be affected by the disease with damage determined from both external symptom to the plant and internal infection within the stem, whereas less damage was observed in the others. However in ratoon crops most varieties, infection appeared to be mild including with E-Haew. This may indicate that the use of propiconazole can control red rot wilt in some level but not completely.

Effects of dipping cane sett methods on germination, growth and ratooning of 3 cane varieties.

The experiment was conducted at Suphan Buri FCRC using split plot design with 4 replicates in 1994 and 1995. Cane varieties, U-thong 1, F 140 and U-Thong 2 were used as main plot. Sub plot, was the dipping cane sett methods which were (1) dipping the whole stalk in hot water and (2) dipping the cutting cane sett in hot water, (both at 50oC for 2 hrs) and (3) non-dipping used as the control. The results revealed that, in plant cane there was no significant difference between dipping and non-dipping on germination, harvested stalks and cane yield. However, significant differences could be observed in the ratoon crop especially in cane yield. U-Thong 1 gave the highest cane yield (122.5 t/ha) followed by U-thong 2 (101.2 t/ha) and F 140 (99.3 t/ha) under the dipping method and they were better than non-dipping. Not much difference in cane yield was observed between dipping the whole stalk (115 t/ha) and dipping cane sett cutting (111.2 t/ha). However, green grassy shoot symptom was observed in the ratoon crop of non-dipping. The incidence of green grassy shoot was 40.7, 3.7 and 3.2 % in non-dipping, the whole stalk dipping and cutting cane sett dipping, respectively.

Effects of hormones on rooting and growth of cane.

The experiment was conducted in 2 x 4 + 1 Factorial in CRD with 4 replicates at Suphan Buri FCRC. Two types of hormones NAA (1-Naphthyl acetic) and IBA (3-Indolbutylic acid) were used with various doses of application (0, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm). A single bud of cane was treated with the above hormone treatments and placed in the planting box containing sterilized sand, 25 buds per box. The results indicated that the highest dry and fresh root weights were found at 100 ppm in both NAA and IBA and they were not significantly different from 0 ppm (control). The higher concentration of hormones used affected the root growth. Both the roots and the shoots were found to be shorter than normal or the control. No significant differences were found between the type of hormones.

Effects of fertilizer application before harvest on cane sett quality.

Seven months old cane had applications of nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) at rates of 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha. The varieties of cane used in the experiment were U-thong 2, F 140, 80-1-128 and Q 83. The experimental design was RCB with 4 replicates. The results indicated that fertilizer applied before harvest resulted in increased germination and seedling vigour. Furthermore, differences between varieties in germination rates and seedling vigour were also observed. This information confirmed the results from 1994.

Effect of planting materials on cane yield and quality.

The planting materials used in this study were the whole stalk with and without leaf sheath, and the recommended planting material (2 cuttings with 2 buds each). The experiment was conducted in 3 x 2 Factorial in RCB with 4 replicates. The first factor was the planting material and the second factor was the 2 cane varieties (U-Thong 2 and K 84-200). The results suggested that the highest germination (94.9 %) was obtained from the whole stalk without leaf sheath followed by the whole stalk with leaf sheath (90.6 %), then 2 cuttings with 2 buds each (86.2 %) and it showed significant difference. The harvested stalk/ha was low in 2 cuttings with 2 buds each (59,537 stalks/ha) and significantly different from the whole stalk with leaf sheath (74,037 stalk/ha) and the whole stalk without leaf sheath (77,843 stalk/ha). Consequently, low cane yield was obtained from 2 cuttings with 2 buds each. K 84-200 gave better cane yield than U-Thong 2, these being 130.6 and 110 t/ha, respectively.

Conclusion

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