Sorghum improvement for grain mold resistance.
Project coordinator : Kanoktip Lertprasertrat
Grain mold is a serious disease that affects sorghum quality and yield and is caused by a complex of fungi. The most prevalent organisms are Curvularia lunata and Fusarium spp. The method of control is usually to adjust the planting date to avoid a disease infection. Although the use of resistant cultivars is practical and economical, no resistant cultivars for the complex fungi disease is recommended. Therefore, the aim of this project was to select lines resistant to those fungi determine sources of grain mold resistance for a breeding program.
Sorghum improvement for grain mold disease resistance.
The objective is to evaluate sorghum crosses between UT 1 (susceptible variety) x IS 23585 (IS 23585 resistant line) by natural infection in field conditions and laboratory screening during June 1995 to December 1996 at SFCRC. The results showed that the infected level was dependent on the environment and sorghum genotypes. White or cream colored grain was more susceptible than red grain. Scoring the resistant line for each fungi is better than general scoring as shown in table below:
Grain mold scoring by field evaluation of cross UT 1 x IS 23585 and their parents in 1995 and 1996.
| Cross | General score | Curvularia lunata | Fusarium spp. | Others | Flowering |
| 1995 |
| UT 1 x IS 23585 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 60 |
| IS 23585 (R) | 4.2 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | -- |
| U-Thong 1 (S) | 9.0 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 2.5 | -- |
| 1996 |
| UT 1 x IS 23585 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 62 |
| IS 23585 (R) | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 65 |
| U-Thong 1 (S) | 7.8 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 61 |
Threshing Grain Mold Rating (TGMR) rated by percentage of infection.
1 = 0, 2 = 1-5%, 3 = 6-10%, 4 = 11-20%, 5 = 21-30%, 6 = 31-40%, 7 = 41-50%, 8 = 51-60%, 9 = >60%
Preliminary Evaluation of ICRISAT Sorghum lines for Grain Mold Resistance.
ICRISAT sorghum lines were grown in the SFCRC environment and the grain mold infection of each line was evaluated. The results showed that both, red and white grain sorghum, were susceptible to grain mold disease especially from Fusarium spp. as shown in the table below :
Range and mean of TGMR scoring in each fungi on ICRISAT lines at SFCRC, 1996.
| Cross | General score | Curvularia lunata | Fusarium spp. | Others | Flowering |
| Range | 2.0-9.0 | 1.0-5.7 | 1.5-9.0 | 1.0-6.5 | 59-67 |
| Mean | 5.4 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 62 |
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