IMAGE section384.gif
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IMAGE section371.gif
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(Cont’d

α= 0.05
n
1117

k

9

10

37

145

2
3
4

5
6
7

8
9
10

12
15
20

24
30
40

60
120

0.5000
0.3333
0.2500

0.2000
0.0167
0.1429

0.1250
0.1111
0.1000

0.0833
0.0667
0.0500

0.0417
0.0333
0.0250

0.0167
0.0083
0

0.5813
0.4031
0.3093

0.2513
0.2119
0.1833

0.1616
0.1446
0.1308

0.1100
0.0889
0.0675

0.0567
0.0457
0.0347

0.0234
0.0120
0

0.6602
0.4748
0.3720

0.3066
0.2612
0.2278

0.2022
0.1820
0.1655

0.1403
0.1144
0.0879

0.0743
0.0604
0.0462

0.0316
0.0165
0

0.7341
0.5466
0.4366

0.3645
0.3135
0.2756

0.2462
0.2226
0.2032

0.1737
0.1429
0.1108

0.0942
0.0771
0.0595

0.0411
0.0218
0

0.7780
0.6025
0.4884

0.4118
0.3568
0.3154

0.2829
0.2568
0.2353

0.2020
0.1671
0.1303

0.1113
0.0921
0.0713

0.0497
0.0266
0

0.8010
0.6167
0.5017

0.4241
0.3682
0.3259

0.2926
0.2659
0.2439

0.2098
0.1736
0.1357

0.1160
0.0958
0.0745

0.0520
0.0279
0

0.8159
0.6333
0.5175

0.4387
0.3817
0.3384

0.3043
0.2768
0.2541

0.2187
0.1815
0.1422

0.1216
0.1002
0.0780

0.0552
0.0292
0

t =

IMAGE section389.gif

X1– X2

S1

2

+ S2

2

IMAGE section390.gif

N

IMAGE section391.gif
IMAGE section392.gif

for N1= N2= N

IMAGE section393.gif
IMAGE section304.gif
IMAGE section395.gif
IMAGE section396.gif
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IMAGE section398.gif

t =

IMAGE section399.gif

(N1– 1)S1

2

+ (N2– 1)S2

2

IMAGE section3100.gif

N1+ N2– 2

df = N1+ N2– 2

for N1≠ N2

N1

N2)

1

1

+

(

X1– X2

IMAGE section391.gif
IMAGE section391.gif
IMAGE section3103.gif

12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571

2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228

2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131

31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365

3.413
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764

2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032

3.707
3.449
3.355
3.250
3.169

3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947

636.619
31.598
12.941
8.610
8.659

5.959
5.405
5.041
5.781
4.587

4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140
4.073

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IMAGE section385.gif
IMAGE section3106.gif
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Level of significancefor one-tailedtest
.05.025.01

.10

.005

.0005

Level of significance for two-tailedtest
.10.05.02

df

.20

.01

.001

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15

3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476

1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372

1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015

1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812

1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753

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