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Types of Lens
Standard Lenses
- Natural Look
Standard lenses give a view that is similar to that of the eye. The photos turned out to be more "natural". This is because the objects in the picture appear in realistic proportions to each other.
- Superb Quality
The picture quality is also superb and they offer the benefits of a fast maximum aperture such as f1.4, f1.2 and even f1. The 50mm lens is generally considered as standard for 35mm cameras.
- Superb Quality
Wide Angle Lenses
Wide angle lenses are lenses with a focal length shorter than 50mm. In principle, the shorter the focal length, the wider the angle covered. This means that they take in an angle of view that's wider than the 46 degree covered by standard lenses.
They are very useful particularly for landsacpe photography although their usefulness doesn't end there.
In many instances, wide angle lenses are also used for interior shots of buildings. Note there are flaws with using a normal wide angle lenses for interior shots. To get around with it, shift lenses are nedded. Other includes group photographs.
Generally, wide angle lenses are more expensive because of their short focal length.
Wide angle effects
- Conveying depth
Distant objects appear further away than they to the eye. Moreover, wide angles have a close minimum focusing distance, so you can move near to objects in the foreground. In this way, a 3-D effect is achieved in your photographs. The effect is more noticeable when using shorter focal length lenses.
- Stretching distance
They appear to be stretched. Thus, exaggerating the sense of depth and scale.
- Exaggerating proportions
Wide angle lenses can also be used to exaggerate the length of the object as well as to increase the impression of height. For example, by crouching down and shooting upwards at a house, you can make it look as tall as a skyscraper.
- Distortion
The stretching effect of wide angles can distort facial features and makes parts of the body look out of proportion to each other. Therefore, if you are using a wide angle lens to shoot a portrait photo, make sure that you do not palce your subject too close to the camera. You can easily solve this by moving back a few paces.
- Low and slow
You can hand hold 24mm and 28mm lenses at speeds down to 1/30th sec. This means that you can use slow, high quality films and slow shutter speeds without having to worry about camera shake.
Wide angles are also a good choice for hand holding under low lighting conditions. Most of them have large maximum apertures and you can use slow shutter speeds.
As you are able to shoot at speeds as slow as 1/30th sec, you can set small apertures to maximize the depth of field under bright lighting conditions.
- 35mm
The 35mm wide angle is an excellent lens for candid photography and reportage. You can move in close to subjects and still fit hte head and shoulders into the frame. The lens' moderate wide angle effects mean that distortion is not too much of a problem.
- 28mm
The 28mm lens is ideal for landscapes and cityscapes. It lets you take in a large area of a scene and move in close to foreground objects. It is also useful for group shots such as wedding group photos.
Wide angle effects are noticeable on the 28mm - distance between objects start to look exaggerated. Hence, make sure that everybody is roughly the same distance from the camera when taking group shot.
- 24mm
The 24mm is capable of covering an average sized room, which is useful for party shots, but avoid getting too close to your subjects as this will distort their features.
Wide angle effects are much more obvious, and distortion can be a problem.
Telephoto Lenses
Lenses with a focal length longer than a standard lens are classed as telephotos. 85mm lens is generally considered to be the shortest fixed telephoto focal length. The longer the focal length of a lens, the more it magnifies an image.
- 85mm, 90mm
These lenses are ideal for head and shoulder shots and are sometimes referred to as portrait lenses. They flatter facial features and let you shoot at a comfortable distance-- far enough away so that your model doesn't feel crowed, but close enough for you to build up a rapport.
Short telephotos are also good for street photography if you can't get close to a subject, or for landscapes when you want to leave out foreground details.
- 100mm, 105mm and 135mm
These telephotos are useful for shooting small objects such as plants and insects. When taking portraits, you can step back and take head and shoulders shots, or you can move in close and fill the frame with aa full face portrait. the results are still flattering to the sitter-- using lenses longer than 135mm can flatten your subject's features unacceptably.
On top of that, these lenses are able to hand hold in low light because they have fairly maximum apertures--f/2 or f2.8. Together with moderate telephoto effect, they are a good choice for street photography too, not forgeting concert and theatre shots.
- 180mm, 200mm and 250mm
They are able to magify subjects in the distance. Thus, they are widely used in court and indoor sports events. In addition, they are useful for excluding distracting backgrounds in street photography.
- 300mm, 400mm, 500mm, 600mm and 1200mm
These heavy duty lenses are most frequently used for sports and wildlife photography. However, there are some drawbacks such as they require a sturdy camera support and the maximum apertures are usually limited to f5.6 (average) , so bright light and fast films are the order of the day when you want to set fast shutter speeds.
Telephoto efects
- Depth of field
The depth of field is shallower when you used a telephoto compared to a standard lens. Therefore, you can use this creatively to focus attention on a subject by making it stand out from its background.
Longer focal length are able to throw backgrounds out of focus--depth of field is very small and often stretches for just a few cm either side of the point of focus.
- Compression
This is another effect which objects positioned behind one another appear to be closer together than they really are and the difference in the size of objects due to distance seems to be reduced. This is the opposite of the wide angle 'stretching' effect.
Teleconverters
Teleconverters increase the focal length of the lens by the same factor.
For example, a 2X teleconverter doubles the focal length of a lens, and a 3X
model triples it.
They are generally inexpensive comparing with the cost of buying a
selection of long telephoto lenses. In addition, they are also compact and
lightweight.
Problems of using teleconverters
Although teleconverters save you from carrying a bag full of lenses, they have a couple of drawbacks.
Reduced apertures can be a problem if you own an autofocus camera. These need plenty of light for the AF system to work; a lens with a maximum aperture of at least f5.6 is necessary. This means that you must use a fast lens if you want to use a teleconverter. For instance, if you fit a 2X converter to an f4 lens, the maximum aperture becomes f8 and the autofocus stops working.
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